66) In a short essay, list and explain four common organization development (OD) techniques.
67) Which of the following is a term borrowed from the physical sciences that accurately
describes people’s resistance to change?
A) energy
B) uncertainty
C) inertia
D) momentum
68) Uncertainty causes people to resist change because it ________.
A) replaces the unknown with the known
B) replaces the known with the unknown
C) increases performance expectations of an employee
D) decreases performance expectations of people
69) Which of the following is NOT a common reason that people resist change?
A) habit
B) uncertainty
C) concern over personal loss
D) overconfidence
70) Older workers tend to resist change more than younger workers because they ________.
A) have less invested in the current system
B) have more invested in the current system
C) have confidence in themselves
D) have less to lose
71) Workers seem to reject a simple new manufacturing method that has been shown to increase
company sales because they say, “That is not the way we do things around here.” These workers
are most likely to be resisting change due to which of the following?
A) uncertainty
B) habit
C) conflicts with company goals
D) fear of the unknown
72) Which kind of resistance to change is most likely to be beneficial to a company?
A) conflict with company goals
B) uncertainty
C) habit
D) fear of losing status or possessions
73) Employees at a company protest a change that allows an automatic answering system to
answer phone inquiries, claiming that the company is becoming “depersonalized.” They are most
likely resisting change due to ________.
A) uncertainty
B) habit
C) conflicts with company goals
D) fear of losing status
74) Workers in a company are complaining about a new employee evaluation system. Which
kind of resistance to change are they demonstrating?
A) resistance out of habit
B) resistance because of uncertainty
C) resistance to protect company goals
D) resistance to protect market share
75) Managers typically implement programs to reduce resistance to change when employees
________ in some way.
A) become uncomfortable
B) are challenged
C) become self-satisfied
D) become dysfunctional
76) A technique that helps employees deal with change that appeals to their sense of logic is
________.
A) manipulation
B) education and communication
C) coercion or threats to employees
D) co-optation
77) A technique that helps employees deal with change that includes them in the decision-
making process is ________.
A) education and communication
B) negotiation
C) participation
D) coercion
78) If several efforts between a manager and an employee for reducing resistance to change fail
to allay employee fears, a manager might take him- or herself out of the process and try this.
A) facilitation and support
B) negotiation between parties
C) manipulation
D) participation
79) When an entire workforce threatens to go on strike to protest a work change, managers might
try this method of reducing resistance to change.
A) education and communication
B) participation
C) facilitation and support
D) negotiation
80) When managers threaten to fire workers unless they agree to go along with new company
policies, they are using which of the following?
A) negotiation
B) coercion
C) manipulation
D) education and communication
81) Which method of reducing resistance to change is most likely to backfire on the manager
who uses it?
A) education and communication
B) negotiation
C) participation
D) manipulation
82) When a manager attempts to covertly influence others by distorting the facts he is using
which of the following methods of reducing resistance to change?
A) manipulation
B) education
C) coercion
D) negotiation
83) One reason people resist change is that it goes against our habits.
84) Change threatens the investment you’ve already made in the status quo.
85) Negotiation twists and distorts facts to reduce resistance to change.
86) Education is a good way to overcome resistance to change due to misinformation.
87) A manager who twists facts to make change seem less disruptive is using the technique of
coercion.
88) A manager who mentions that supervisors might lose their jobs if they don’t go along with a
change is using the technique of coercion.
89) Allowing employees to participate in the change process is NOT a common way to deal with
resistance to organizational change.
90) In a short essay, discuss why people resist change due to uncertainty. Include an example to
support your answer.
91) In a short essay, discuss why people resist change due to the fear of losing possessions or
status. Include an example to support your answer.
92) In a short essay, discuss why people resist change when they think it is incompatible with
organizational goals. Include an example to support your answer.
93) Stress in the workplace is an adverse reaction that people have in response to ________.
A) lack of ambition
B) demands, constraints, and opportunities
C) having too much confidence in oneself
D) too much ambition
94) An actor on stage getting “up” for a performance is an example of which of the following?
A) a negative aspect of stress
B) a positive aspect of stress
C) a condition not related to stress
D) both a positive and a negative aspect of stress
95) Stress is most frequently associated with ________ only.
A) demands and constraints
B) opportunities and habits
C) opportunities and fear
D) demands and pressures
96) Which statement is correct?
A) Stress is always bad.
B) Stress can be bad or good.
C) Stress is always good.
D) Stress can never be good.
97) A constraint causes stress because it ________.
A) helps you achieve your goal
B) prevents you from achieving your goal
C) helps you define your goal
D) prevents you from defining your goal
98) Potential stress can become actual stress when the outcome of an event is uncertain and
________.
A) not important to the individual
B) hard for the individual to understand
C) occurs on a regular basis
D) important to the individual
99) Potential stress can become actual stress when the outcome of an event is both ________ and
important to the individual.
A) uncertain
B) certain
C) meaningful
D) significant
100) In Japan, the term used to describe death from overwork is ________.
A) rensei
B) karoshi
C) hanko
D) buka
101) Which of the following countries reports the highest level of employee stress?
A) China
B) India
C) United Kingdom
D) United States
102) This type of stress allows a person to perform at their highest levels during times when
performance is important.
A) Dysfunctional
B) Behavioral
C) Functional
D) Psychological
103) Which type of demand is related to working conditions, such as having an office that is too
loud or overcrowded?
A) Task Demands
B) Role Demands
C) Interpersonal Demands
D) Organizational Structure Demands
104) Which of the following is NOT a role demand that may cause stress for employees?
A) Role Conflict
B) Cultural Roles
C) Role Overload
D) Role Ambiguity
105) What percentage of employees say that coworkers are a stressful part of their jobs?
A) About 50%
B) About 30%
C) About 15%
D) About 5%
106) A baseball player in a slump who feels stress from trying to raise his batting average is
experiencing ________ stress.
A) task demand
B) role demand
C) role conflict
D) interpersonal
107) A light-hitting baseball player who is suddenly asked to be a power hitter and hit home runs
would be likely to experience ________ stress.
A) role overload
B) role demand
C) role conflict
D) role ambiguity