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Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
Which of the following is not a part of the synovial joint?
1)
A)
articular cartilage
B)
articular capsule
C)
joint cavity
D)
tendon sheath
2)
On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue?
2)
A)
synchondrosis
B)
syndesmosis
C)
pivot
D)
symphysis
3)
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are
characteristics of what type of joint?
3)
A)
suture
B)
hinge joint
C)
symphysis
D)
synchondrosis
4)
The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.
4)
A)
hands and the feet
B)
feet
C)
arms
D)
hands
5)
Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements
is true about this fluid?
5)
A)
It contains hydrochloric acid.
B)
It contains enzymes only.
C)
It contains hyaluronic acid.
D)
It contains lactic acid.
6)
An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is ________.
6)
A)
between the humerus and the glenoid cavity
B)
between the vertebrae
C)
the radius and ulna along its length
D)
the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends
7)
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?
7)
A)
the lateral patellar retinacula
B)
the extracapsular ligament
C)
the patellar ligament
D)
the medial patellar retinacula
8)
Tendon sheaths ________.
8)
A)
are extensions of periosteum
B)
are lined with dense irregular connective tissue
C)
help anchor the tendon to the muscle
D)
act as friction-reducing structures
9)
Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?
9)
A)
Sutures
B)
Synchondroses
C)
Syndesmoses
D)
Gomphoses
10)
The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement
of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.
10)
A)
tibial collateral ligaments
B)
cruciate ligaments
C)
anterior ligaments
D)
patellar ligaments
11)
A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement
is a ________.
11)
A)
syndesmosis
B)
symphysis
C)
gomphosis
D)
suture
12)
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
12)
A)
Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
B)
In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
C)
Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
D)
All synovial joints are freely movable.
13)
Which of the following is a true statement?
13)
A)
The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
B)
The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.
C)
The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process.
D)
The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.
14)
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?
14)
A)
They allow movement only in one plane.
B)
They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.
C)
They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
D)
They allow movement in several planes.
15)
What are menisci?
15)
A)
semilunar cartilage pads
B)
tendon sheaths
C)
cavities lined with cartilage
D)
small sacs containing synovial fluid
16)
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to keeping the articular surfaces of
diarthroses in contact?
16)
A)
number of bones in the joint
B)
arrangement and tension of the muscles
C)
structure and shape of the articulating bone
D)
strength and tension of joint ligaments
17)
What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called?
17)
A)
dorsiflexion
B)
inversion
C)
adduction
D)
abduction
18)
Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?
18)
A)
joints that permit angular movements
B)
interphalangeal joints
C)
cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
D)
amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility
19)
Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?
19)
A)
Gliding movements are multiaxial.
B)
Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
C)
Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs.
D)
An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.
20)
The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints.
20)
A)
pivot
B)
hinge
C)
plane
D)
condyloid
21)
Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.
21)
A)
the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella
B)
lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements
C)
the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly
D)
cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together
22)
Pointing the toes is an example of ________.
22)
A)
plantar flexion
B)
circumduction
C)
pronation
D)
protraction
23)
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.
23)
A)
rare because of the ligament reinforcement
B)
rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint
C)
common due to the weight bearing the hip endures
D)
common in all people who are overweight
24)
The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.
24)
A)
attach to each other in their midportions
B)
tend to run parallel to one another
C)
prevent hyperextension of the knee
D)
are also called collateral ligaments
25)
Synarthrotic joints ________.
25)
A)
permit essentially no movement
B)
are cartilaginous joints
C)
have large joint cavities
D)
are found only in adults
26)
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction
develops are called ________.
26)
A)
menisci
B)
tendons
C)
ligaments
D)
bursae
27)
Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints?
27)
A)
All fibrous joints are in the adult form by the time of birth.
B)
Joints develop independent of bone growth.
C)
Joints develop in parallel with bones.
D)
By the end of the fourth week, fetal synovial joints resemble adult joints.
28)
In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.
28)
A)
fibrocartilage
B)
synovial membranes
C)
hyaline cartilage
D)
tendon sheaths
29)
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.
29)
A)
synovial joints
B)
synarthroses
C)
diarthroses
D)
amphiarthroses
30)
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify the saddle joint of the skeleton.
30)
A)
Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
B)
Meatcarpophalangeal joint of the finger.
C)
Interphalangeal joint of the finger.
D)
Carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges.
31)
Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.
31)
A)
form the synovial membrane
B)
attach tendons
C)
produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis)
D)
provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
32)
Fibrous joints are classified as ________.
32)
A)
symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular
B)
hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal
C)
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
D)
pivot, hinge, and ball and socket
33)
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.
33)
A)
biaxial
B)
nonaxial
C)
uniaxial
D)
multiaxial
34)
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is (are)
damaged as a result?
34)
A)
suprapatellar
B)
medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate
C)
oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligament
D)
arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate
35)
Which of the following movements does not increase or decrease the angle between bones?
35)
A)
circumduction
B)
rotation
C)
extension
D)
abduction
36)
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.
36)
A)
synchondrosis
B)
gomphosis
C)
syndesmosis
D)
suture
37)
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.
37)
A)
extension
B)
hyperextension
C)
circumduction
D)
flexion
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Figure 8.1
Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
38)
Periosteum.
38)
39)
Briefly describe a typical synovial joint.
39)
40)
The type of joint between the carpal and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.
40)
41)
Why is muscle tone the most important stabilizing factor for most joints?
41)
42)
Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.
42)
43)
For each of the following movements, indicate the specific kind of joint involved (e.g.,
hinge, etc.) and the movement performed (e.g., extension, etc.).
a. Bending the elbow: ________, ________.
b. Turning head side to side: ________, ________.
c. Lowering your arm to your side: ________, ________.
d. Turning the sole of foot medially: ________, ________.
43)
Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, identify each type of synovial joint by name.
44)
Joint 4.
44)
Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?
45)
Joint 5.
45)
46)
Why are epiphyseal plates considered temporary joints?
46)
Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?
47)
Joint 1.
47)
48)
Joint 3.
48)
49)
While the fingers can exhibit flexion and extension and other angular motions, the thumb
has much greater freedom. Why?
49)
Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?
50)
Joint 2.
50)
Figure 8.1
Using Figure 8.1, match the following:
51)
Joint (synovial) cavity.
51)
Figure 8.2
Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?
52)
Joint 6.
52)
