Chapter 07 – The Peripheral Nervous System – Efferent Division
1. Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, most exocrine glands, some endocrine glands, and adipose tissue are innervated by the
____.
a.
somatic nervous system
b.
sensory-somatic nervous system
c.
autonomic nervous system
d.
cranial nerves
e.
sacral plexus
c
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
2. What kind of muscles are respiratory muscles?
a.
skeletal
b.
smooth
c.
cardiac
d.
efferent
e.
afferent
a
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
3. Each autonomic nerve pathway (from the CNS to an innervated organ) consist of how many nerves?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
e
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
HUPH.SHER.16.7.1.1 – Outline an autonomic nerve pathway
4. What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
a.
superior and inferior
b.
sympathetic and parasympathetic
c.
spinal and limbs
d.
internal and external
e.
efferent and afferent
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
5. Where do the sympathetic nerve fibers originate?
a.
The lateral horn of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
b.
The lateral horn of the thoracic and cervical regions of the spinal cord
c.
The medial horn of the cervical and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
d.
The medial horn of the lumbar and sacral regions of the spinal cord
e.
The posterior horn of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
a
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
HUPH.SHER.16.7.1.1 – Outline an autonomic nerve pathway
6. Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arise from the ____.
a.
cranial and cervical areas of the CNS
b.
cranial and thoracic areas of the PNS
c.
cranial and sacral areas of the CNS
d.
thoracic and sacral areas of the PNS
e.
thoracic and lumbar areas of the CNS
c
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
HUPH.SHER.16.7.1.1 – Outline an autonomic nerve pathway
7. What neurotransmitter is released from the parasympathetic preganglionic fiber?
a.
sodium
b.
dopamine
c.
acetylcholine
d.
norepinephrine
e.
epinephrine
c
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
8. What neurotransmitter is released from the parasympathetic postganglionic fiber?
a.
sodium
b.
dopamine
c.
acetylcholine
d.
norepinephrine
e.
epinephrine
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
HUPH.SHER.16.7.1.1 – Outline an autonomic nerve pathway
9. What neurotransmitter is released from the sympathetic preganglionic fiber?
a.
sodium
b.
dopamine
c.
acetylcholine
d.
norepinephrine
e.
epinephrine
c
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
10. What kind of receptor responds to acetylcholine released by all autonomic preganglionic fibers?
a.
muscarinic cholinergic receptors
b.
β1 adrenergic receptors
c.
β2 adrenergic receptors
d.
α1 adrenergic receptors
e.
nicotinic cholinergic receptors
e
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
parasympathetic nervous systems
11. What are some examples of autonomic cotransmitters?
a.
endogenous opioids, sodium, and serotonin
b.
ATP, dopamine, and neuropeptide Y
c.
vasoactive intestinal peptide, dopamine, and serotonin
d.
vasoactive intestinal peptide, sodium, and chloride
e.
endogenous opioids, ATP, and serotonin
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
12. What do baroreceptors monitor?
a.
blood pressure
b.
pH
c.
sodium content
d.
potassium content
e.
temperature
Chapter 07 – The Peripheral Nervous System – Efferent Division
a
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
13. What do chemoreceptors monitor?
a.
acidity
b.
protein or fat content of ingested food
c.
salt content
d.
osmolarity
e.
toxicity
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
14. Innervation of a single organ by both branches of the autonomic nervous system is known as ____.
a.
binocular innervation
b.
biphasic innervation
c.
dual innervation
d.
bipolar innervation
e.
double branched
c
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
15. What is epinephrine called in English speaking countries outside the United States?
a.
norepinephrine
b.
ATP
c.
adenosine phosphate
d.
adrenaline
e.
aldosterone
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
16. What cranial nerve directly impacts heart rate by decreasing it?
a.
II (optic)
b.
V (trigeminal)
Chapter 07 – The Peripheral Nervous System – Efferent Division
c.
VII (facial)
d.
IX (glossopharyngeal)
e.
X (vagus)
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
17. What response is triggered when the sympathetic system is dominant?
a.
muscle building response
b.
fight or flight response
c.
hiding response
d.
rest and digest response
e.
sleep response
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
parasympathetic nervous systems
18. What response is triggered when the parasympathetic system is dominant?
a.
muscle building response
b.
fight or flight response
c.
hiding response
d.
rest and digest response
e.
sleep response
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
19. What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?
a.
nicotinic and muscarinic
b.
ACh and ATP
c.
alpha and beta
d.
epinephrine and norepinephrine
e.
sodium and potassium
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
available for autonomic neurotransmitters
20. What are the two main classes of adrenergic receptors for norepinephrine and epinephrine?
a.
nicotinic and muscarinic
b.
ACh and ATP
c.
alpha and beta
d.
epinephrine and norepinephrine
e.
sodium and potassium
c
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
21. What is a compound called that mimics a neurotransmitter’s response?
a.
agonist
b.
antagonist
c.
synergist
d.
protagonist
e.
facsimile
a
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
22. Where are the cell bodies of almost all motor neurons situated within the spinal cord?
a.
cauda equina
b.
cervical ganglia
c.
dorsal horn
d.
lateral horn
e.
ventral horn
e
7.2 Somatic Nervous System
HUPH.SHER.16.7.2 – Describe the role of motor neurons in the somatic nervous system
23. What chemical compound do motor-neuron axon terminals release?
a.
epinephrine
b.
norepinephrine
c.
nicotinic acid
d.
acetylcholine
e.
sodium ions
7.2 Somatic Nervous System
HUPH.SHER.16.7.2 – Describe the role of motor neurons in the somatic nervous system
24. The poliovirus selectively destroys what part of the somatic nervous system?
a.
blood vessels that supply motor neurons
b.
dendrites of motor neurons
c.
cell bodies of motor neurons
d.
axons of motor neurons
e.
neurotransmitters
c
7.2 Somatic Nervous System
25. In the somatic nervous system, how many neurons run from the CNS to the effector organ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a
7.2 Somatic Nervous System
26. What type of control exists in the somatic nervous system?
a.
involuntary
b.
voluntary
c.
automatic
d.
partial
e.
reflexive
7.2 Somatic Nervous System
27. How is most of the motor activity in the somatic nervous system coordinated?
a.
consciously
b.
subconsciously
c.
voluntarily
d.
sequentially
e.
reflexively
28. What is an interneuron’s effect on its effector organ?
a.
It doesn’t attach to organs.
b.
It always excites.
c.
It always inhibits.
d.
It neither excites or inhibits.
e.
It can excite or inhibit.
e
7.2 Somatic Nervous System
common pathway
29. Each muscle cell connects to how many neuromuscular junctions?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
e
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
30. What is the shape of a muscle cell or fiber?
a.
short and cylindrical
b.
short and flat
c.
bulbous and segmented
d.
long and cylindrical
e.
long and flat
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
31. Propagation of an action potential to the axon terminal triggers the opening of what kind of voltage-gated channels?
a.
calcium
b.
sodium
c.
potassium
d.
acetylcholine
7.2 Somatic Nervous System
Chapter 07 – The Peripheral Nervous System – Efferent Division
e.
dopamine
a
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
HUPH.SHER.16.7.3.1 – Explain the role of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction
32. Acetylcholinesterase is located ____.
a.
in the voltage-gated channels
b.
on the motor end-plate membrane
c.
on the terminal button
d.
on the plasma membrane
e.
in the axon of the motor neuron
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
HUPH.SHER.16.7.3.2 – Describe the role of acetylcholinesterase at a neuromuscular junction
33. Acetylcholinesterase is classified as a(n) ____.
a.
hormone
b.
neurotransmitter
c.
enzyme
d.
fatty acid
e.
amino acid
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
HUPH.SHER.16.7.3.2 – Describe the role of acetylcholinesterase at a neuromuscular junction
34. What chemical agent causes an explosive release of ACh?
a.
botulinum toxin
b.
curare
c.
organophosphates
d.
black widow spider venom
e.
malathion
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
35. What is the most harmful result of prolonged depolarization at cholinergic sites?
a.
heart attack
b.
brain embolism
c.
atherosclerosis
d.
lung cancer
Chapter 07 – The Peripheral Nervous System – Efferent Division
e.
respiratory failure
e
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
36. Botulinum toxin exerts its lethal blow by blocking the release of what chemical compound?
a.
calcium
b.
serotonin
c.
ACh
d.
potassium
e.
dopamine
c
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
37. Curare blocks the action of ACh at receptor-channels. Therefore, it is considered a(n) ____.
a.
antagonist
b.
agonist
c.
protagonist
d.
synergist
e.
beta blocker
a
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
38. What is the potentially deadly food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum called?
a.
influenza
b.
clostridium disease
c.
myasthenia gravis
d.
botulism
e.
Guillain-Barre syndrome
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
junction
39. Organophosphates are a group of chemicals that modify neuromuscular junction activity by irreversibly inhibiting
what chemical compound?
Chapter 07 – The Peripheral Nervous System – Efferent Division
a.
acetylcholine
b.
acetylcholinesterase
c.
nicotinic acid
d.
epinephrine
e.
norepinephrine
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
40. Myasthenia gravis is characterized by what extreme symptom?
a.
inability to breath
b.
inability to think
c.
muscle twitching
d.
muscular weakness
e.
explosive diarrhea
7.3 Neuromuscular Junction
41. Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, most exocrine glands, some endocrine glands, and adipose tissue are innervated by
the autonomic nervous system, the involuntary branch of the peripheral efferent division.
a.
True
b.
False
True
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
42. Almost all neurally controlled effector organ responses are directly mediated by one of two neurotransmitters:
acetylcholine or norepinephrine.
a.
True
b.
False
True
7.1 Autonomic Nervous System
system
43. The peripheral nervous system has two subdivisions: the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.
a.
True
b.
False
Chapter 07 – The Peripheral Nervous System – Efferent Division
False
44. Long postganglionic fibers originate in the ganglion chain and end on the effector organs.
a.
True
b.
False
True
45. Very short preganglionic fibers end on the cells of an organ itself.
a.
True
b.
False
False
46. Sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers release the same neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh).
a.
True
b.
False
False
47. Norepinephrine serves as a neurotransmitter in the CNS and is released from the adrenal medulla as a hormone as
well.
a.
True
b.
False
True
48. Unlike autonomic efferent output, visceral efferent output operates within the realm of consciousness and voluntary
control.
a.
True
b.
False
False