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Chapter 07 - Climate and Biodiversity
b.
abyssal zone
c.
bathyal zone
d.
coastal zone
e.
benthic zone
54. The deepest zone of the sea, which is dark and very cold, is called the ____.
a.
euphotic zone
b.
abyssal zone
c.
bathyal zone
d.
coastal zone
e.
pelagic zone
55. Which tree is characteristic of tropical coastal wetlands?
a.
cypress
b.
coconut
c.
mangrove
d.
palm
e.
live oak
56. When the algae in coral reefs die off due to environmental stresses, the coral subsequently dies because of lack of
food. This process is referred to as ____.
a.
coral acidification
b.
algal blooming
c.
erosion
d.
coral bleaching
e.
parasitism
57. Aquatic life zones are the aquatic equivalents of ____ on land.
a.
lakes
b.
rivers
c.
biomes
d.
mountains
e.
forests
58. A(n) ____ is a partially enclosed body of water where seawater mixes with freshwater from a river.
a.
benthic zone
b.
littoral zone
c.
sea
d.
estuary
e.
coral reef
59. Ocean acidification is occurring because ____.
a.
of agricultural runoff into rivers
b.
the ocean absorb about 25% of the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere by human activities
c.
water changes pH as it warms
d.
overfishing is changing the structure of ecosystems, harming the plankton that regulate the pH of ocean water
e.
acid rain has worsened over the last two decades
60. Cultural eutrophication involves ____.
a.
clearing forest land for urban expansion
b.
altering marine food webs by overfishing
c.
accepting the degraded condition of aquatic ecosystems
d.
placing excessive nutrients in lakes
e.
disconnecting people from their environment
61. Which zone that a stream flows through contains its headwater streams?
a.
transition zone
b.
source zone
c.
floodplain zone
d.
delta zone
e.
meander zone
62. The land area around a stream that delivers runoff, sediment, and dissolved substances into the water is called the
____.
a.
source zone
b.
littoral zone
c.
floodplain zone
d.
transition zone
e.
watershed or drainage basin
Matching
Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice
Chapter 07 - Climate and Biodiversity
Figure 7.19
DIFFICULTY:
BLOOM’S: Understand
REFERENCES:
7.3 What Are the Major Types of Marine Aquatic Systems and How Are Human Activities
Affecting Them?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
ENVS.MLSP.16.7.5.5 - Distinguish the three vertical zones of the open sea.
63. On the ocean life zones figure, choose the zone in which most organisms get their food from marine snow.
64. On the ocean life zones figure, choose the zone that contains the majority of all marine species.
65. On the ocean life zones figure, choose the zone that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis.
66. On the ocean life zones figure, choose the zone that is dimly lit and contains zooplankton.
67. On the ocean life zones figure, choose the zone where coral reefs would be located.
Completion
68. Climate and vegetation vary with changes in latitude and with changes in ____________________.
69. ____________________ are the result of a mutually beneficial relationship between polyps and tiny single-celled
algae called zooxanthellae that live in the tissues of the polyps.
70. ____________________ is a set of physical conditions of the lower atmosphere, including temperature, precipitation,
humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, and other facts, in a given area of a period of hours or days.
71. A lake with a large supply of nutrients is called a(n) ____________________ lake.
72. Some desert plants reduce evaporation by closing their pores during the day and opening them at night to take up
____________________.
Chapter 07 - Climate and Biodiversity
73. ____________________ is the general pattern of atmospheric conditions in a given area over periods ranging from at
least three decades to thousands of years.
74. Because of the ____________________, air masses moving north or south from the equator are deflected to the east.
75. Carbon dioxide and methane are _________________________ released by human activities such as the production
and burning of fossil fuels, clearing of forests, and growing of crops.
76. Marshes, swamps, and prairie potholes are all examples of ____________________.
77. The tendency for a transition zone between two different ecosystems to have greater species diversity and a higher
density of organisms than are found in either of the individual ecosystems is called the
______________________________.
78. ____________________ occur primarily in the interiors of continents in areas that are too moist for deserts to form
and too dry for forests to grow.
79. The tops of trees in tropical rain forests form a dense ____________________ that blocks most light from reaching
the forest floor.
80. The open sea can be dived into three zones: the euphotic zone, ____________________ zone, and abyssal zone.
81. A(n) ____________________ is an area at the mouth of a river built up by deposited sediment and often containing
estuaries and coastal wetlands.
82. One type of tropical grassland, called a(n) ____________________, contains widely scattered clumps of trees.
83. ____________________ is underground soil in which captured water stays frozen for more than two consecutive
years.
84. ____________________ are cone-bearing, evergreen trees.
85. ____________________ is the amount of various salts such as sodium chloride dissolved in a given volume of water.
Chapter 07 - Climate and Biodiversity
86. Aquatic life zones in higher-salinity waters are called ____________________ life zones.
87. The ____________________ zone is the brightly lit upper zone of the open sea, where drifting phytoplankton carry
out about 40% of the world’s photosynthetic activity.
88. Explain how the rain shadow effect occurs.
89. How do mountains serve as major storehouses of water for humans and wildlife in the surrounding area?
90. Describe two ecosystem or economic services provided by wetlands.
Chapter 07 - Climate and Biodiversity
Figure 7.11
91. Refer to the first graph above of a temperate desert and observe that the months of March and April are not the
warmest, coldest or wettest months in this biome. However, the bloom of desert wildflowers will typically occur in these
Chapter 07 - Climate and Biodiversity
two months. Explain why this is the case.
92. Observe the second graph above, which is from a cold desert. What month of the year would you expect to see flowers
bloom in the cold desert?
93. Describe one way that human activities are disrupting and degrading freshwater systems.
94. Explain why energy input from the sun is highest at the equator and lowest at the poles.
95. Briefly describe how mountains can offset global warming.
96. Explain briefly how global warming negatively impacts coral reefs.
97. Explain why you cannot clear tropical forests to grow crops or graze cattle on a sustainable basis.
98. What climate factors determine the differences between different types of forests, or different types of deserts, and
why?
99. Explain what the difference is between major climate zones and major biomes, and how the two interact.
100. Which one of the three major principles of sustainability is a driving force behind climate and biodiversity? Include
in your answer an explanation of why this is true.
101. Assume for the sake of discussion that you had been considering the purchase of an off-road vehicle for recreational
use. Now that you have studied this chapter and are familiar with some of the issues of human disturbance of ecosystems,
will this change your thinking? Explain why or why not.
