49. Which of the following is not a model of ethical management provided in the
textbook?
a. innnoral
management
b. semi-moral
management
c. moral
management
d. amoral
management
50. The model of ethical management that implies a positive and active opposition to what is right is called
a. innnoral management.
b. moral
management.
c. semi-moral
management.
d. amoral
management.
51. The ethical management model that conforms to high standards of behavior or professional standards of conduct is
a. innnoral management.
b. semi-moral
management.
c. moral
management.
d. amoral
management.
52. The model of ethical management in which managers fail to take morality into account when making decisions is
a. inunoral management.
b. moral
management.
c. semi-moral
management.
d. amoral
management.
53. The key operating question of immoral management is
a. can we make money with this action, regardless of what it
takes?
b. will this action be fair to all
stakeholders?
c. what effects will this action have on our major
stakeholders?
d. can we make money with this
action?
54. The key operating question of moral management is
a. can we make money with this action, regardless of what it
takes?
b. will this action be fair to all
stakeholders?
c. what effects will this action have on our
stakeholders?
d. can we make money with this
action?
55. The key operating question of amoral management is
a. can we make money with this action, regardless of what it
takes?
b. will this action be fair to all
stakeholders?
c. what effects will this action have on our
stakeholders?
d. can we make money with this
action?
56. The “integrity strategy” espoused by Lynn Sharp Paine is similar to
the
a. immoral management model.
b. moral management
model.
c. semi-moral management model.
d. amoral management
model.
57. Managers who believe that business decisions are not subject to moral constraints tend to utilize
the
a. immoral management model.
b. moral management
model.
c. intentional amoral management
model.
d. unintentional amoral management model.
58. Managers who simply fail to consider moral questions when making business decisions use
the
a. immoral management model.
b. moral management
model.
c. intentional amoral management
model.
d. unintentional amoral management model.
59. Which of the following is not a structural aspect of unconscious accounting
bias?
a. ambiguity
b.
attachment
c. approval
d. ambivalence
60. The population hypothesis regarding ethical management models is
a. the three models approximate a normal, bell-shaped curve.
b. that the moral management model is the largest segment of the normal
curve.
c. that the immoral management model is the largest segment of the normal
curve.
d. the three models exhibit a skewed curve, weighted toward either moral or immoral management
models,
depending on the society being studied.
61. The individual hypothesis regarding ethical management models is
a. the three models approximate a normal, bell-shaped curve.
b. that individuals managers utilize all three of the models at different times and situations.
c. that individual managers emphasize one of the three models over the others.
d. that individual managers attempt to match the model they use to the particular
situation.
62. Lawrence Kohlberg’s model of moral development includes all of the following levels
except
a. the
preconventionallevel.
b. the conventional level.
c. the
postconventionallevel.
d. law and order morality.
63. Which of the following is not a source of a manager’s values that is external to the
firm?
a. religion
b. philosophy
c. scientific
d. legal
64. The sense that concern for fairness, justice, and due process to people, groups, and communities should be
woven
into managerial decision-making is called
a. integration of managerial and moral
competence.
b. moral obligation.
c. moral sensitivity.
d. moral evaluation.
65. Moral imagination is:
a. imagining the best possible outcome.
b. being able to see economic and moral relationships
c. the ability to see the relevance or nonrelevance of issues
d. deciding which course of action to
adopt.
66. An element of moral judgment is all the following
except
a. moral imagination
b. managerial
competence
c. moral identification and ordering
d. sense of moral obligation
67. Compare and contrast ethics and the law. How are they similar? How are they different? Which is the
higher
standard? Why aren’t they the equivalent of one
another?
68. If business ethics have, in reality, declined over the past decades, what are the primary reasons for this
movement?
69. What is the distinction that the textbook draws between ethics and
morality?
70. Distinguish between descriptive and normative
ethics.
71. Describe how a Venn diagram can help a manager evaluate moral dilemmas and come to decisions about
those
situations.
72. Describe and evaluate the “what is?” ethics
question.
73.
\Vhat are
the
differences
among
”immoral,” ”moral,” and
”amoral?”
74. What are the seven habits of highly moral
leaders?
75. Interpret the authors’ statement that “many business people go through life deluded by the illusion of
objectivity.”
76. Briefly describe the process of moral development described by
Kohlberg.
Utilize the
knowledge
you have gained to
respond
to the
following
essay
questions. Your answers should
state
your position and use logical
arguments
and
content
from this and
other chapters
in the
textbook to
support it.
77. Using the ethics question “what ought to be?” consider this hypothetical about a corporate planning seminar. At
the
seminar, a speaker tells the participants that presidents of large corporations should begin their planning
processes
with a vision of society, not with where they want their fmns to be in 5 or 10 years. Evaluate this advice in light
of
what you have learned about business
ethics.
78. Discuss the relevance of one’s motivations to his or her ethical
actions.
79. The three models of ethical management (immoral, moral, and amoral) provide only one “good” example—that
of
moral management. However, the authors imply that immoral and amoral management are prevalent in our
society,
while moral management is practiced less. Which is the bigger problem in our society, immoral or
amoral
management?
80. Lawrence Kohlberg found that most adults never get to the third level of moral development. What implications
for
management does this observation
have?
81. Describe and evaluate the reasons that many feminists criticize Lawrence Kohlberg’s work on moral
development.
82. Powers and Vogel have suggested that there are six major elements or capacities that are essential to making
moral
judgments: (1) moral imagination, (2) moral identification and ordering, (3) moral evaluation, (4) tolerance of
moral
disagreement and ambiguity, (5) integration of managerial and moral competence, and (6) a sense of
moral
obligation. What is the link of each of these to personal and organizational ethics?