Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context, 7e (Knox/Marston)
Chapter 7 Interpreting Places and Landscapes
7.1 Multiple Choice
1) In their studies of the formation and evolution of human customs and beliefs, ethologists study
people’s sense of
A) ethics.
B) ethnicity.
C) territoriality.
D) space.
E) landscape.
2) To an ethologist, graffiti in an high-density urban area is least likely to be explained as a(n)
A) response to overcrowding.
B) act of vandalism.
C) expression of identity.
D) claim to territory.
3) The concept of territoriality helps to classify people and resources in terms of location in
A) space.
B) society.
C) the economy.
D) history.
E) the political system.
4) Territoriality helps us understand how rules, laws and the exercise of power have become
associated with
A) spaces and places.
B) individuals and groups.
C) cultures and ethnicities.
D) political and economic systems.
5) Social affairs involving property rights, political jurisdictions, market areas, ethnic claims to
specific areas and efforts to protect traditional land uses all involve issues of
A) proxemics.
B) territoriality.
C) derelict landscapes.
D) cosmopolitanism.
E) race.
6) The images that come to mind when we think of a place, any place, like Tucson, Arizona or
Damascus, Syria are known as our
A) cognitive images.
B) stereotypical images.
C) territorial markers.
D) semiotic markers.
E) topophobic images.
7) Distortions in our cognitive images are the result of
A) partial or incomplete information.
B) biased information.
C) our likes and dislikes.
D) the strength of our memories.
E) partial or incomplete information, biased information, our likes and dislikes, and the strength
of our memories.
8) Paths, edges, districts, nodes and landmarks are used to organize
A) our cognitive images.
B) our landscapes.
C) our individual topophilias.
D) derelict spaces.
E) semiotic landscapes.
9) In somebody’s cognitive image of the United States, it is least likely that the Mississippi River
is a(n)
A) node.
B) path.
C) edge.
D) landmark.
10) Generally, the more experience and first-hand information we have of a place, the more our
cognitive images
A) reflect reality.
B) are simplified.
C) converge on topophilia.
D) are like derelict landscapes.
E) become territorial.
11) The parking lot down the street would best be characterized as a(n)
A) landscape of despair.
B) derelict landscape.
C) landscape of power.
D) symbolic landscape.
E) ordinary landscape.
12) A study of the social and cultural meanings that people give to personal space — for
example, how near or distant you like to sit near others in class — is known as
A) semiotics.
B) proxemics.
C) territoriality.
D) vernacular space.
E) sense of place.
13) The longing and ongoing attachments that a migrant may have to her home land is an
example of
A) topophilia.
B) usufruct.
C) semiotics.
D) landscapes of power.
E) ethology.
14) The best example of a landscape of power as discussed in our text is
A) the Pentagon.
B) a weight-training facility like Gold’s gymnasium.
C) a wind farm.
D) an electricity-generating station.
E) a landscape destroyed by a natural disaster like a tornado or earthquake.
15) When we talk about landscapes as texts, we are referring to
A) books on landscapes.
B) the categorization of landscapes based on their features.
C) landscapes as things of meaning, that can be written and read, like books.
D) the physical geography underlying cultural landscapes.
E) an encyclopedia of geographic terms.
16) The humanistic approach in geography emphasizes ________ values, meanings, intentions
and behaviors.
A) an individual’s
B) humankind’s
C) a specific culture’s
D) cultural
E) social
17) Reading, writing and recognizing signs and symbols (such as those that are written into
landscapes) is known as
A) semiotics.
B) proxemics.
C) eurhythmics.
D) semantics.
E) prosthetics.
18) David Harvey calls inauthentic “historic” settings based on a mix of stereotypes and
questionable historical realities — such as fake cowboy towns and recreations of old Venice —
A) degenerative utopias.
B) vernacular spaces.
C) derelict landscapes.
D) shamography.
E) fauxistential landscapes.
19) A company involved in which of the following is not generally considered to be among the
“culture” industries?
A) a manufacturing company
B) an advertising company
C) a publishing company
D) an entertainment company
E) a communications media company
20) The two-way process by which people create and modify places and landscapes at the same
time that places change and influence people is an example of
A) a sociospatial dialectic.
B) ethology.
C) cosmopolitanism.
D) a semiotic.
E) a proxemic.
21) In the United States, we tend to step back as people step closer. In the Middle East, this can
be interpreted as rude. Recognizing that different cultures view personal space differently is to
appreciate the concept of
A) proxemics.
B) territoriality.
C) semiotics.
D) vernacular landscape.
E) cosmopolitanism.
22) A university or college is very concerned with how prospective students react when they are
on campus for a visit. Thus, even if they do not fully recognize it, the school is very aware of the
importance of
A) derelict landscapes.
B) cosmopolitanism.
C) proxemics.
D) territoriality.
E) semiotics.
23) Recognizing that landscapes both produce and communicate meaning allows us to
A) interpret local and national values, priorities, histories, cultural practices.
B) build a cultural landscape out of a natural landscape.
C) form cognitive images of places to which we have never been.
D) build cultural complexes.
E) dance the hokey pokey.
24) Powerfully symbolic landmarks like the Eiffel Tower, the Empire State Building, a
distinctive opera house or even a strategically placed ferris wheel (!) are most likely to represent
a(n)
A) individual.
B) city.
C) state.
D) country.
E) continent.
25) Which of the following is most characteristic of David Harvey’s ” ‘degenerative utopias’ of
global capitalism”?
A) reproduced, recreated and simulated landscapes and even whole towns, e.g., a Swiss village
in China or a Venetian Canal in Las Vegas
B) new baseball and sports stadiums and complexes that displace old neighborhoods
C) landscapes visited by anti-tourists
D) the designation and commercialization of Route 66 between Chicago and Los Angeles
E) slums, ghettos and impoverished rural with concentrations of street art
26) Just as we can consume food and other material goods, contemporary culture encourages us
to consume places, meaning, to
A) purchase images, symbols and experiences of places.
B) deplete resource through destroying landscapes.
C) destroy unique places to build franchises.
D) travel to other places to learn about their geographies and histories.
E) force rank the importance of places.
27) According to geographers, the heritage industry is based on the commodification and
commercial exploitation of
A) history.
B) ideas.
C) ethnicities.
D) styles.
E) technologies.
28) An important consequence of the heritage industry in urban areas is
A) the loss of authentic histories and landscapes.
B) the spread of interest in geography and history.
C) a shift in place marketing from an emphasis on consumption to one on preservation.
D) the dissemination of people and their cultures, like the migration of the Swiss to Georgia or
the British to Tokyo.
29) An SUV in a high-end suburban megachurch parking lot, surrounded by box stores is a
classic landscape most likely seen in
A) Botoxia.
B) Inauthentica.
C) Privatopia.
D) Semiotica.
E) Vulgaria.
30) The study of embedding signs and symbols in the landscape that send messages about
identity, beliefs, practices and values — and which we can learn to read and interpret, — is an
example of
A) semiotics.
B) geographic literacy.
C) topo-linguistics.
D) environmental perception.
E) semantics.
31) The cultural hearth of the slow cities movement is
A) Italy.
B) Canada.
C) Texas.
D) Southern California.
E) Brazil.
32) Among the core principals of the slow cities movement is the concept of
A) community life.
B) visualizing geography.
C) Disneyfication.
D) place commodification.
E) pseudoplace.
33) Bra, Greve, Orvieto and Positano in Chianti, Italy are
A) the founding municipalities of the slow cities movement.
B) derelict sites as they have fallen into significant disrepair over time.
C) Europe’s most affluent shopping malls and sites of consumption.
D) derelict inner-city neighborhoods of Los Angeles of which people have a vague cognitive
image.
E) famous sites along Route 67.
34) Banksy, Speto and Black Hand are internationally known
A) street artists.
B) world heritage sites.
C) pseudoplaces.
D) funerary landscapes.
E) rock gardens.
35) In their study of environmental perception, geographers have the most in common with
A) historians.
B) psychologists.
C) biologists.
D) geologists.
E) ecologists.
36) Which of the following significantly affects one’s environmental knowledge? His or her
A) gender.
B) stage in the life cycle.
C) religious beliefs.
D) gender, stage in the life cycle, and religious beliefs.
37) Globalization in the form of the new production of irrigated cash crops brought this change
to the rural Sudanese village studied by geographer Cindi Katz.
A) Children were required to attend school.
B) Subsistence crops were no longer grown.
C) The traditional roles and activities of boys and girls changed.
D) Wal-Mart
38) The trailer park and the suburb are examples of
A) derelict landscapes.
B) ordinary landscapes.
C) symbolic landscapes.
D) gender-based landscapes.
39) Because its buildings are modeled after those of the relatively democratic Greek city-states
of ancient times, the landscape created by the federal government in Washington, D.C., is best
thought of as a(n)
A) derelict landscape.
B) Aegean landscape.
C) symbolic landscape.
D) Socratic landscape.
E) ordinary landscape.