39) Ethnic identity for U.S. descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through
A) neighborhoods and locations.
B) schools and education.
C) language.
D) religion and food.
E) political affiliation.
40) A nationality is
A) a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition.
B) a country.
C) ethnic identity.
D) any cohesive group of people.
E) any group with shared religion, language, and origin of birth.
41) The key elements of nationalism include all but
A) common culture.
B) shared attitudes.
C) shared emotions.
D) political structure.
E) state symbols.
42) The concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves is known as the right of
A) centripetal force.
B) nation-state.
C) self-determination.
D) sovereignty.
E) ethnic identity.
43) Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group’s culture is
A) nationalism.
B) nation-state.
C) nation.
D) state.
E) multiculturalism.
44) Before its breakup the Soviet Union was the largest ________ state.
A) multinational
B) national
C) “state’s rights”
D) multiethnic
E) rightwing fascist
45) Which describes the nationality of someone who gives allegiance to the United Kingdom?
A) Welsh
B) English
C) British
D) Irish
E) Saxon
46) Large-scale migration occurred in South Asia after 1947 primarily because of the
A) boat people.
B) communist victory.
C) failure of the monsoon rains.
D) separation of religious groups.
E) new mobility provided by railway construction.
47) Until it was forced to withdraw its troops in 2005, most of Lebanon was controlled by
A) Jordan.
B) Syria.
C) Israel.
D) Egypt.
E) Iran.
48) An example of a nationality might be
A) a group of Cherokee Indians living on a reservation.
B) a group of Ojibwa Indians touring around Europe.
C) a number of Cherokee students living in diverse cities around North America.
D) the Nazi Party within Germany in the 1930s.
E) a group of Methodist preachers who are now living in various Southern states.
49) Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because
A) nearly the entire population are ethnic Danes who speak Danish.
B) Danish and German nationalities intermingle in Schleswig-Holstein.
C) the people living on the Faeroe islands, which are controlled by Denmark, speak Faeroese.
D) Denmark consolidated its boundaries by giving Greenland to Norway.
E) it is an independent country that is a member of the United Nations.
50) Which of the following is not a strong centripetal force in the United States?
A) network television
B) the U.S. flag
C) the many ethnic groups living in the United States
D) “The Star Spangled Banner”
E) baseball
51) Which of the following is likely the least or weakest centripetal force in the United States?
A) ABC, NBC, CBS, and other network television
B) the U.S. flag flying in different ethnic neighborhoods
C) Internet content available from around the world
D) “The Star Spangled Banner” being sung at baseball games
E) lessons about civic responsibility in the public school system
52) When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the widest number of voters, she or he probably
appeals to concepts of shared
A) nationality.
B) chauvinism.
C) ethnicity.
D) race.
E) gender.
53) For the former Soviet Union, which of these was the most important centripetal device?
A) the Eastern Orthodox religion
B) the Russian language
C) appeals to shared ethnicity
D) appeals to shared notions of the “white race”
E) appeals through stirring nationalistic music
54) In 1947 a Muslim family living in central India likely felt pressure to migrate
A) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka.
B) to northern India and then to China.
C) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka.
D) to the northwestern border and then to Pakistan.
E) to a large city such as New Delhi.
55) In 1947 a Hindu family living in Pakistan or northwestern India likely felt pressure to
migrate
A) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka.
B) to the south, southeast, or east toward Muslim-controlled areas.
C) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka.
D) to the south, southeast, or east away from Muslim-controlled areas.
E) to a large city such as New Delhi.
56) According to this map, the Kurds are likely
A) in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.
B) located in the Balkans.
C) clustered completely in Iraq.
D) divided among Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran.
E) divided among Iraq, Iran, and Syria.
57) The Kurds
A) are living in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.
B) are a group which long ago migrated from Anatolia to the Balkans.
C) have no wish to become a nationality, only to remain an ethnicity.
D) have a large population but are divided among enough countries that they are a minority in
every one.
E) are not targeted as potential rebels by the Turkish government.
58) Sri Lanka has continuing ethnic conflict between
A) Sinhalese Buddhists and Tamil Hindus.
B) Dravidian animists and Hindu rebels.
C) Jacobites and Assyrians.
D) Urdu separatists and Kashmir rebels.
E) Hutus and Tutsis.
59) The Lebanese civil war resulted when the country broke down because of
A) ethnic groups, some of which were supported by Israel.
B) religious groups and the traditional animosities between Christians and Muslims, in particular.
C) changes in the majority between religious groups.
D) independent armies vying for control of the highlands.
E) famine.
60) Ethnicities in the same country come into conflict partly because
A) they have conflicting traditions of self-rule.
B) they share a language.
C) minority ethnicities are officially recognized.
D) their national identity is shared.
E) the national wealth is evenly distributed.
61) Neighborhood changes in ethnicity are sometimes caused by the illegal practice of
A) segregation.
B) separate but equal.
C) blockbusting.
D) self-identification.
E) white flight.
62) Traditionally, the most important unit of African society was the
A) state.
B) tribe.
C) nation.
D) kingdom.
E) caliphate.
63) Most of the conflict in Africa is widespread because of
A) colonial boundaries clearly demarcating the various ethnic and national populations.
B) numerous ethnic groups living in perpetual peace and understanding.
C) rapid economic development for the poor at the expense of the rich.
D) gradual economic development favoring the poor over the rich.
E) colonial boundaries in the midst of numerous ethnic and national groups.
64) Balkanization refers to
A) the creation of nation-states in southeastern Europe.
B) the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities.
C) a small geographic area that cannot successfully be organized into states.
D) ethnic cleansing.
E) religions splintering into opposing groups.
65) The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused mainly by
A) ethnic cleansing.
B) the assassination in Sarajevo of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
C) rivalries among nationalities.
D) NATO.
E) espionage by Russian agents.
66) The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia before its breakup was the
A) religion.
B) language.
C) number of nationalities.
D) common economic interests.
E) conflict with Turkey.
67) NATO planes flying high over former Yugoslavia during the civil war provided information
later used for geographic interpretation to
A) drop “smart” bombs on selected targets.
B) identify strategic objectives for ground forces.
C) document acts of ethnic cleansing by Serbs.
D) plan the future boundaries of the newly formed countries.
E) establish a permanent peace in the region.
68) Race is often described as
A) being characterized by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino.
B) identification with a group that purports to share a biological ancestor.
C) determinable from physical characteristics such as the exact shape of a person’s face or head.
D) evenly distributed around the world, independent of ethnicity.
E) defined by statute in most U.S. states.
69) One reason for forced migration in Ethiopia was the
A) annexation of Somaliland.
B) communist takeover of the government.
C) invasion by the United States.
D) war with the United Kingdom.
E) civil war with the Eritreans.
70) As Sudan’s religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region
of
A) Eritrea.
B) Tigre.
C) Darfur.
D) Amhara.
E) Oromo.
71) The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called
A) war.
B) migrational push factors.
C) racism.
D) ethnic cleansing.
E) white flight.
72) Ethnic groups in the United States no longer conflict with one another.
73) Ethnicities are clustered at the neighborhood level in the United States.
74) The U.S. Civil War was fought to keep anti-slavery Southern states from seceding from the
Union.
75) African American northward migration followed the major U.S. highways.
76) Detroit subsidized African American immigration from the South to alleviate tensions and
maintain the ethnic mix.
77) Slavery has occurred around the world, and it was banned in many countries before it was
ended in the United States.
78) In Sri Lanka, the three major ethnicities are the Sinhalese, Tamil, and Moors.
79) Nation-states in Europe were formed by nationalities.
80) Nationalism is an important example of a centrifugal force for a state.
81) Denmark is a completely homogeneous nation-state.