Chapter 7 Energy is required to link a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP

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Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 5e (Krogh)

Chapter 7 Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy from Food

1) What does oxygen allow humans to do?

A) breathe

B) produce food

C) digest food

D) produce ATP from food

2) Cells capture the energy from food and store it in the form of:

A) glucose.

B) ATP.

C) oxygen.

D) heat.

E) carbon dioxide.

3) Energy is required to link a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP. Where does the energy

come from?

A) vitamins

B) enzymes

C) food we eat

D) breathing

4) Which of the following is an example of a molecule being oxidized?

A) oxygen being converted into H2O

B) pyruvate being converted into lactic acid

C) FAD being converted into FADH2

D) NADH being converted into NAD+

5) During cellular respiration, what molecule collects the majority of the electrons from the food

that we eat?

A) CO2

B) FAD+

C) NAD+

D) glucose

E) ATP

6) Oxidation involves the ________ , and reduction involves the

A) gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen

B) loss of oxygen; gain of oxygen

C) loss of electrons; gain of electrons

D) gain of electrons; loss of electrons

7) In which of the following reactions is reduction taking place?

A) NAD+ → NADH

B) FADH → FAD+

C) NADH → NAD+

8) When NADH donates its electrons to the electron transport chain, which of the following is

true?

A) NADH is reduced to NAD+.

B) NADH is oxidized to NADH2.

C) NADH is reduced to NADH2.

D) NADH is oxidized to NAD+.

9) The majority of ATP in aerobic respiration is produced by:

A) the Krebs cycle.

B) glycolysis.

C) the electron transport chain.

10) Why do biologists believe glycolysis evolved before the Krebs cycle and the electron

transport chain?

A) Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria, which all organisms have.

B) Glycolysis requires oxygen, which was one of the first elements on Earth.

C) All organisms use glycolysis; not all use the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.

D) Glycolysis is the most efficient at producing energy.

11) The chemical equation that summarizes the process of cellular respiration is:

A) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + 36ADP + 36P → 6O2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

B) 6O2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP → C6H12O6 + O2 + 36ADP + 36P

C) C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 36ATP → 6O2 + 6H2O + 36 ADP + 36P

D) C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 36ADP + 36P → 6O2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

12) The term aerobic means:

A) ATP-dependent.

B) carbon dioxide-dependent.

C) oxygen-dependent.

D) oxygen-independent.

13) During glycolysis, a glucose molecule will be split into two, three-carbon ________

molecules.

A) acetyl CoA

B) pyruvic acid

C) ATP

D) oxaloacetatic acid

14) There is an energy investment step needed to get glycolysis started, requiring the use of

________ ATPs.

A) zero

B) four

C) two

D) three

E) one

15) How many pyruvic acid molecules are generated during the oxidation of one glucose

molecule during cellular respiration?

A) three

B) two

C) zero

D) one

E) four

16) The three main products of glycolysis are:

A) ATP, NAD+, and CO2.

B) ATP, pyruvic acid, and CO2.

C) ATP, NADH, and CO2.

D) ATP. NADH, and pyruvic acid.

E) NAD+, pyruvic acid, and CO2.

17) Glycolysis produces how many molecules of NADH?

A) one

B) two

C) three

D) four

18) Glycolysis occurs in the cell’s:

A) cytosol.

B) mitochondria.

C) Golgi apparatus.

D) plasma membrane.

E) nucleus.

19) The Krebs cycle extracts most of the energy in a glucose molecule and stores it in:

A) pyruvic acid.

B) ATP.

C) CO2.

D) NADH.

E) O2.

20) During the Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA covalently binds to oxaloacetate to form citrate, a

________ -carbon molecule.

A) six

B) three

C) five

D) two

E) four

21) All of the following occur as glucose moves through glycolysis and the Krebs cycle except:

A) NAD+ is converted to NADH.

B) CO2 is released.

C) actely CoA is removed to form pyruvate.

D) acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle.

22) How many turns of the Krebs cycle are needed to completely break down one molecule of

glucose?

A) one

B) two

C) three

D) four

23) How many NADH molecules are created during one turn of the Krebs cycle? (Assume the

Krebs cycle begins with one acetyl CoA molecule.)

A) four

B) six

C) one

D) three

E) eight

24) When acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle, the first molecule produced is:

A) citric acid.

B) α-ketoglutaric acid.

C) succinic acid.

D) malic acid.

E) oxaloacetatic acid.

25) The end products that come out of the Krebs cycle include all of the following except:

A) NADH.

B) pyruvic acid.

C) FADH2.

D) CO2.

E) ATP.

26) Which of the following are electron carriers produced by the Krebs cycle?

A) ATP and FADH2

B) ATP and CO2

C) NADH and ATP

D) NADH and FADH2

27) How many NADH are produced in the Krebs cycle for each glucose molecule used?

A) one

B) three

C) six

D) eight

28) The enzymes used by the Krebs cycle are located:

A) in the cytosol.

B) in the inner compartment of the mitochondrion.

C) attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane.

D) between the inner membrane and outer mitochondrial membrane.

29) Which of the following molecules is produced in the intermediate step between glycolysis

and the Krebs cycle?

A) ATP

B) oxaloacetate

C) pyruvic acid

D) acetyl CoA

E) citric acid

30) When glucose is the fuel source, what is the correct sequence of stages in cellular

respiration?

A) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport

B) electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis

C) Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport

D) electron transport, glycolysis, Krebs cycle

E) Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis

31) The enzymes used by the electron transport chain are located:

A) in the cytosol.

B) in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion.

C) in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

D) between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondrion.

32) A total of four ATP molecules have to be used by aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells.

Where are these four ATP molecules used?

A) One molecule is used to start glycolysis, and three are used to move NADH made during

glycolysis into the mitochondria.

B) Three molecules are used to start glycolysis, and one is used to move NADH made during

glycolysis into the mitochondria.

C) Two molecules are used to start glycolysis, and two are used to move NADH made during

glycolysis into the mitochondria.

D) All four molecules are used to start glycolysis.

E) All four molecules are used to move NADH made during glycolysis into the mitochondria.

33) Eukaryotic cells require oxygen to:

A) enter the Krebs cycle as an intermediate.

B) perform fermentation.

C) breathe.

D) serve as an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

E) start glycolysis.

34) Certain drugs prevent the formation of a hydrogen ion gradient across the inner

mitochondrial membrane. What is the most likely consequence?

A) Most ATP production will stop, and the cell will die.

B) ATP production will increase.

C) Glycolysis will stop.

D) Fermentation will stop.

35) Glycolysis occurs in the ________, the Krebs cycle occurs in the ________, and the electron

transport chain occurs in the ________ membrane.

A) mitochondria; mitochondria; mitochondrial

B) cytoplasm; mitochondria; mitochondrial

C) mitochondria; cytoplasm; plasma

D) cytoplasm; cytoplasm; plasma

E) cytoplasm; mitochondria; plasma

36) The enzyme that creates ATP during electron transport is called:

A) ADP phosphotransferase.

B) ATP creatase.

C) ATP polymerase.

D) ATP synthase.

37) The electron transport chain is used during which of the following processes?

A) lactate fermentation

B) aerobic cellular respiration

C) glycolysis

D) alcoholic fermentation

38) Which of the following statements concerning the electron transport chain is false?

A) The final electron acceptor is oxygen.

B) Each NADH yields three ATP molecules.

C) Each FADH2 yields two ATP molecules.

D) The electron transport chain will work whether oxygen is present or not.

39) Oxygen is reduced to water in the cell’s:

A) nucleus.

B) mitochondria.

C) cytoplasm.

D) Golgi apparatus.

E) plasma membrane.

40) During electron transport, how many ATP molecules are produced per NADH molecule and

FADH2 molecule?

A) three per NADH and three per FADH2

B) two per NADH and two per FADH2

C) three per NADH and two per FADH2

D) two per NADH and three per FADH2

41) What is the final net number of ATP molecules that can be produced per glucose molecule

by cellular respiration?

A) 36

B) 4

C) 8

D) 2

E) 38

42) What is the energy source used to drive ATP synthase to produce ATP?

A) glucose coming across the mitochondrial inner membrane

B) H+ ions flowing across the mitochondrial inner membrane

C) acetyl CoA coming across the mitochondrial inner membrane

D) NADH coming across the mitochondrial inner membrane

E) electrons flowing through the electron transport chain

43) What role do hydrogen ions (H+) play in the electron transport chain?

A) They are pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane against their concentration

gradient (to where their concentration is high); as the H+ ions flow back to where their

concentration is low, they drive ATP synthase to form ATP.

B) They are pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane against their concentration

gradient (to where their concentration is low); as the H+ ions flow back to where their

concentration is high, they drive ATP synthase to form ATP.

C) They add phosphate groups on ADP to form ATP.

D) They transfer electrons to the electron transport chain.

44) During cellular respiration:

A) glucose is reduced and oxygen is oxidized.

B) glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

C) oxygen oxidizes glucose directly.

D) both glucose and oxygen get reduced.

45) Electrons lose energy as they pass down the electron transport chain. What is this energy

used for?

A) to power hydrogen ion pumps

B) to link oxygen to hydrogen ions

C) to power water pumps

D) to directly power ATP synthase

46) Which of the following statements is true of aerobic respiration?

A) Fats proceed through aerobic respiration in exactly the same manner as glucose.

B) Proteins proceed through aerobic respiration in exactly the same manner as glucose.

C) Glucose will be completely broken down even if oxygen is not present.

D) Glucose, fats, and proteins can be oxidized by aerobic respiration

47) In order for a fat to be used for energy, it must first be broken down into:

A) amino acids.

B) glucose.

C) fatty acids and sugars.

D) fatty acids and glycerol.

48) Which of the following types of foods can be oxidized by aerobic respiration?

A) only glucose

B) only fats

C) only proteins

D) only glucose and fats

E) glucose, fats, and proteins

49) Before starch can be used for cellular respiration, it must be broken down into:

A) pyruvate.

B) fatty acid.

C) oxaloacetatic acid.

D) amino acids.

E) glucose.

50) Before proteins can be used for cellular respiration, they must be broken down into:

A) pyruvate.

B) fatty acids.

C) amino acids.

D) glucose.

51) Adding phosphate to ADP to form ATP requires an input of energy.

52) A molecule that has lost electrons has been reduced.

53) In order for one molecule to be oxidized, another molecule must be reduced.

54) Glycolysis probably evolved before the Krebs cycle.

55) Organisms exist that can survive using only glycolysis.

56) The Krebs cycle must turn six times for each glucose molecule.

57) The majority of ATP produced during aerobic respiration is produced during glycolysis.

58) Proteins are not oxidized by aerobic respiration.

Match the following.

A) acetyl CoA

B) citric acid

C) NADH

D) coenzyme A

E) oxaloacetic acid

F) pyruvic acid

59) A three-carbon molecule that gets shuttled into the mitochondria

Topic: Section 7.4