7
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Images of deities ____.
a.
are always represented in physical form
b.
are universal
c.
are never depicted in animal form
d.
can be male or female
____ 2. Most early deities represented ____.
a.
a male sun god
b.
a female fertility goddess
c.
a neuter spirit
d.
a male fertility god
____ 3. The Snake Goddess is from ____.
a.
Greece
b.
Africa
c.
Crete
d.
India
____ 4. From ancient Egypt came the convention of representing deities as ____.
a.
athletes
b.
superior human beings
c.
monsters
d.
animals
____ 5. The Hindu god Brahman can never be ____.
a.
known
b.
shown
c.
beaten
d.
understood
____ 6. The Buddhist concept of heaven or paradise is called ____.
a.
a stupa
b.
cosmos
c.
nirvana
d.
Shiva
____ 7. A Buddhist stupa, at first a mound tomb, was transformed into a relic ____.
a.
of power
b.
of reincarnation
c.
of transformation
d.
of a Buddha
____ 8. Later statues of Buddha emphasized ____.
a.
the wheel of life
b.
creation
c.
reincarnation
d.
serenity
____ 9. The nearest analogy to a Bodhisattva would be ____.
a.
a cherub
b.
a saint
c.
a demon
d.
a ghost
____ 10. When Christianity became the official state religion, Christ was shown as ____.
a.
a king or ruler
b.
a shepherd of the flock
c.
a studious child
d.
a miracle worker
____ 11. The special rituals of the Kwakiutl were ____.
a.
held annually
b.
held four times a year
c.
held every two years
d.
held centennially
____ 12. Mexican votive paintings are called ____.
a.
retablos
b.
nachos
c.
cilis
d.
anchos
____ 13. Depictions of ritual sacrifice were shown in many cultures, including ____.
a.
Christian and Hebrew
b.
Hindu and Buddhist
c.
Cretan and Mesoamerican
d.
Christian and Mesoamerican
____ 14. The Hopi make spirit dolls called ____.
a.
retablos
b.
kachinas
c.
potlatches
d.
totems
____ 15. A mandala is an attempt to show ____.
a.
the face of God
b.
the cosmos
c.
the future
d.
a holy figure
____ 16. The images of Michelangelo’s Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel present ____.
a.
the origin of the universe
b.
the end of the world
c.
the teachings of the New Testament
d.
the life of Pope Julius II
____ 17. The Ziggurat of Ur is an ____.
a.
undulating temple
b.
enormous tower
c.
overpowering natural mountain
d.
artificial mountain
____ 18. Many religious structures, from Stonehenge to the Pantheon, use ____ to convey their power.
a.
precious metals
b.
geometry
c.
natural shapes
d.
extensive decoration
____ 19. A journey to a special shrine is called a ____.
a.
procession
b.
parade
c.
pilgrimage
d.
grand tour
____ 20. The Parthenon frieze probably shows ____.
a.
worship of the goddess Athena
b.
the Panathenaic Festival
c.
the Olympic Games
d.
a legendary battle
____ 21. The deities of ancient Egypt were mostly personifications of ____.
a.
natural forces
b.
unknowable beings
c.
avatars
d.
human emotions
____ 22. The Hindu God ____ is the unity in which all opposites meet the source of good and evil, male
and female.
a.
Bodhisattva
b.
Gaia
c.
Shiva
d.
Kachina
____ 23. The ____ religion in Japan teaches that forests and enormous stones are sacred dwellings of the
gods of nature, who are connected to growth and renewal.
a.
Hindu
b.
Shinto
c.
Judaic
d.
Buddhist
____ 24. As seen in the columns of the Parthenon, ____ is a slight swelling at the middle of a column to
create a feeling of organic flexing.
a.
oculus
b.
frieze
c.
entablature
d.
entasis
____ 25. Minarets are associated with ____ structures.
a.
stupa
b.
mosque
c.
cathedral
d.
ziggurat
____ 26. In the Islamic religion, ____ is never depicted in visual form.
a.
Abraham
b.
Mohammed
c.
Allah
d.
Moses
____ 27. The ancient ____ believed that Gaia, the Earth Goddess, was the beginning of all life on earth.
a.
Babylonians
b.
Egyptians
c.
Greeks
d.
Persians
____ 28. In the Hindu religion, there are many gods, but this is not considered to be ____ because they are all
manifestations of the same being.
a.
polytheism
b.
monotheism
c.
paganism
d.
sacrilegious
____ 29. Buddhists and Hindus believe that human beings are ____ until they attain nirvana.
a.
damned
b.
reincarnated
c.
repentant
d.
evil
____ 30. A ____ was originally a mound tomb, but eventually it became a monument, which contained the relics of a
Buddha.
a.
pyramid
b.
stupa
c.
mastaba
d.
zigurrat
____ 31. A ____ is a living being who has attained Buddhahood but chooses to remain on earth to help others.
a.
Shaman
b.
Shiva
c.
Saint
d.
Bodhisattva
____ 32. ____ is one of the oldest religions of the Western world and is the foundation of Christianity and Islam.
a.
Buddhism
b.
Hinduism
c.
Judaism
d.
Taoism
____ 33. In Mexico, small votive paintings called ____ are left at religious shrines as a prayer or an offering.
a.
kachinas
b.
reliquaries
c.
mandalas
d.
retablos
____ 34. The ____, representing the cosmos, begins with a circle, which symbolizes the void before creation.
a.
mandala
b.
retablo
c.
oculus
d.
atrium
____ 35. In Egypt, ____ were believed to be the actual dwellings of the gods and were modeled after the residences of
nobles and pharaohs.
a.
pyramids
b.
cult temples
c.
mastabas
d.
stupas
Essay
36. Compare and contrast an Egyptian temple with a Greek temple.
37. How have artists tried to portray images of deities?
38. Why do cultures build religious structures?
39. Describe the different ways the Buddha has been represented.
40.
Why would this artwork be a conceptual rather than a realistic representation of the crucifixion of Jesus?
41. How were power figures used in Africa as a form of prayer?
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 42. In some religions, followers believe that deities can be present in a work of art.
____ 43. In many religions, simple geometric shapes can symbolize (a) God.
____ 44. Because the Greeks considered themselves superior to other religions that worshipped trees or mountains,
Greek gods are generally personified as human-animal hybrids.
____ 45. In Hinduism a mudra is a symbolic hand gesture signifying imbalance.
____ 46. The Christian tradition has many kinds of images of God.
____ 47. In Bali, religion is devoid of any artistic expression or depiction.
____ 48. In Mayan culture, ball players were important members of society, and ball games were seen as important
religious rituals.
____ 49. The Longmen caves in China, a Buddhist pilgrimage destination comprised of a complex of cave shrines,
were supported by imperial patronage.
____ 50. Over a 3,000 year period, Egyptian temple design had more changes and technological breakthroughs than
any other concurrent culture.
____ 51. Gothic cathedrals were all funded by and built in cities.
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Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
ESSAY
TRUE/FALSE