Name:
Class:
Date:
True / False
1. Czechoslovakia was the exception to the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe after World War II.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 149
2. One of the events that led to the Truman Doctrine was the British withdrawal from the active role they had been playing
in Greece and Turkey because of Britain’s postwar economic problems.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 150
3. The United States refused to allow the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite states to participate in Marshall
Plan aid.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 150
4. In the 1960s, many revisionist historians claimed that the United States was primarily to blame for the Cold War.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 152-153
5. The outcome of the Chinese Civil War had little impact upon domestic politics in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 154-155
6. Although initially the Truman administration indicated that it would not become involved in the future of Taiwan after
Chiang Kai-shek had fled there toward the end of the Chinese Civil War, by 1949-1950, many influential figures in the
United States were claiming that Taiwan was crucial the American defense strategy in the Pacific.
a.
True
b.
False
True
Name:
Class:
Date:
7. Although Khrushchev talked about “peaceful coexistence,” Soviet actions in Hungary in 1956 and Khrushchev’s
demand that the West remove its forces from West Berlin, suggested to some that coexistence might not always be
peaceful.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 158-159
8. In exchange for Soviet support against Taiwan, the Chinese communists reluctantly accepted Khrushchev’s policy of
“peaceful coexistence” with the West.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 160
9. By 1968, there were five hundred thousand American troops in Vietnam.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 164
10. The Viet Cong were the forces in South Vietnam that opposed the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 162
11. President Lyndon Johnson was willing to use all force necessary to win the war in Vietnam even if that may mean
instigating a world war.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 164
12. Perestroika was the policy of internal reform initiated by Nikita Khrushchev.
a.
True
1
p. 155
Name:
Class:
Date:
b.
False
False
1
p. 166
Multiple Choice
13. One of the earliest disputes in the developing Cold War was
a.
the overthrow of the government of Yugoslavia.
b.
whether to divide Germany into zones of occupation.
c.
the political make-up of the post-war Polish government.
d.
the question about whether or not to put German war criminals on trial.
e.
the Russian refusal to abandon territorial claims in Austria.
1
p. 149
14. The Eastern European country that resisted a Communist takeover the longest was
a.
Poland.
b.
Czechoslovakia.
c.
Bulgaria.
d.
Romania.
e.
Yugoslavia.
b
1
p. 149
15. The eastern European communist leader who was most successful in resisting control by the Soviet Union was
a.
Joseph Stalin.
b.
Joseph Broz Tito.
c.
Walter Ulbricht.
d.
Lech Walesa.
e.
Imre Nagy.
b
1
p. 149
16. Joseph Stalin eagerly desired Communist revolutions in Western Europe, but he was willing to wait because he and
Lenin believed that
a.
the West would voluntarily embrace communism.
b.
the East wind would triumph over the West wind.
c.
communism must first come to China.
d.
imperialism would last until the 21st century before it would collapse.
Name:
Class:
Date:
e.
revolutions come in waves.
1
p. 149
17. In 1946 in Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill claimed that
a.
an Iron Curtain had descended across Europe.
b.
socialism would lead to communism.
c.
Britain would have to soon withdraw support from Greece.
d.
he got along better with Franklin Roosevelt than with Harry Truman.
e.
Great Britain had the atomic bomb.
1
p. 150
18. By 1947, Yugoslavia was giving support to the communist insurgent movement in
a.
Czechoslovakia.
b.
Turkey.
c.
Austria.
d.
Greece.
e.
East Germany.
d
1
p. 150
19. The Truman Doctrine said that
a.
the United States would only aid the governments of Western Europe against Communist insurgencies.
b.
the Soviet Union must abandon control of the governments of Eastern Europe.
c.
the United States would support free peoples resisting Communist aggression.
d.
America would use atomic weapons against the spread of Soviet communism.
e.
the Cold War was becoming a Hot War.
1
p. 150
20. The Truman Doctrine in the first instance was to provide aid to
a.
Yugoslavia and Austria.
b.
Greece and Turkey.
c.
Greece and Italy.
d.
Poland and Turkey.
e.
Czechoslovakia and Austria.
b
1
Name:
Class:
Date:
21. By 1948, the fate of which of the following European nations had become a source of bitter contention between the
Soviet Union and the West:
a.
Yugoslavia
b.
Greece
c.
Germany
d.
Austria
e.
Czechoslovakia
1
p. 151
22. The European Recovery Program of 1947 is better known as
a.
the Truman Doctrine.
b.
the Marshall Plan.
c.
the Eisenhower Assistance Act.
d.
CARE.
e.
NATO.
b
1
p. 150
23. The Soviet response to the Marshall plan was
a.
to eagerly embrace its offer of economic assistance.
b.
to reject it because it was an example of American economic and political imperialism.
c.
cautiously accept it but with the proviso that no aid should be given to Germany because of the latter’s
responsibility for causing World War II.
d.
accept aid for the Soviet Union but not to the other nations under Soviet control.
e.
establish its own equally-funded aid program.
b
1
p. 150
24. The policy known as “containment” was authored by
a.
Franklin Roosevelt.
b.
George C. Marshall.
c.
Joseph McCarthy.
d.
George Kennan.
e.
Dean Acheson.
1
p. 150
p. 150
Name:
Class:
Date:
25. “Containment” envisioned
a.
an immediate roll-back of Soviet power in eastern Europe.
b.
granting the Soviet the right expand to the Rhine River but no further.
c.
the vigilant application of a counter-force in reaction to shifting Soviet policies.
d.
a policy of American isolation from the post-war European problems.
e.
new security program to weed out communist spies in the United States government.
1
p. 150
26. When the United States, Great Britain, and France began to plan for the unification of their three zones in western
Germany, the Soviets responded with the
a.
Berlin Wall.
b.
Berlin Blockade.
c.
Berlin Airlift.
d.
Munich Line.
e.
Eastern Front.
b
1
p. 151
27. The unified three Western zones in Germany officially became the
a.
German Democratic Republic.
b.
Federal Republic of Germany.
c.
United German Federation.
d.
Western German Republic.
e.
German Federation of the West.
b
1
p. 151
28. When first established in 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did not include
a.
Great Britain.
b.
West Germany.
c.
France.
d.
Luxembourg.
e.
Iceland.
b
1
p. 152
29. The Eastern European communist states organized a formal military alliance called the
a.
Prague Pact.
Name:
Class:
Date:
b.
Moscow Agreement.
c.
COMECON.
d.
Warsaw Pact.
e.
Eastern Communist Alliance.
d
1
p. 152
30. Regarding the origins of the Cold War, the text notes that
a.
in the 1950s most historians blamed an inexperienced Harry Truman.
b.
the new revisionists of the 1960’s argued that both sides were equally responsible.
c.
Stalin’s antagonisms to the West long predated the policy of containment.
d.
Winston Churchill’s angry “Iron Curtain” speech initiated the conflict.
e.
it did not begin until after Stalin’s death and with the coming to power of Nikita Khrushchev.
1
p. 152-153
31. Concerning China, at Yalta, Stalin
a.
urged support for the Chinese Communist Party.
b.
indicated that he would sign a treaty of alliance with Chiang Kai-shek’s Republic of China.
c.
promised to stay out of Chinese affairs in exchange for the island of Formosa.
d.
agreed to divide China at the 38th parallel.
e.
stated that in reality Mao Zedong was not a true communist.
b
1
p. 154
32. During World War II, in China
a.
Chiang Kai-Shek made full use of his Nationalist army in the effort to expel the Japanese.
b.
Mao Zedong reduced the size of the People’s Liberation Army, devoting himself to land reform and land
redistribution.
c.
Chiang and Mao engaged in a bloody civil war with each other.
d.
Chiang withheld his troops from the war against Japan and Mao increased the size of the PLA.
e.
the Japanese army took over all of China and had to be driven out by the Americans in the battle of Nanjing.
d
1
p. 154
33. Mao Zedong’s “mass line”
a.
reduced rents on land and seized land from wealthy landlords.
b.
confiscated the banks and industrial facilities from the bourgeoisie elite.
c.
militarily defeated the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War.
Name:
Class:
Date:
d.
operated only in southern China.
e.
was abandoned as a failure when the Civil War began.
1
p. 154
34. After being defeated by the Communists, Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists fled to
a.
Hong Kong.
b.
Manchuria.
c.
Hunan.
d.
Yan’an.
e.
Taiwan.
1
p. 155
35. In the Chinese Civil War, the United States
a.
supported Mao Zedong because it was apparent that the Communists would win.
b.
strongly supported Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists, even promising to use atomic weapons if necessary.
c.
gave limited military aid to the Nationalists.
d.
gave limited military aid to the Communists.
e.
was entirely uninvolved and uninterested, being only concerned with Cold War issues in Europe.
1
p. 154
36. The cry in the United States in the late 1940s, “soft on communism,” refers to the
a.
victory of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe.
b.
loss of Berlin to communism.
c.
defeat of the Nationalists by Japanese communists during World War II.
d.
victory of Mao Zedong and the Communists in the Chinese Civil War.
e.
loss of Taiwan to Chiang Kai-Shek.
d
1
p. 155
37. In 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to temporarily divide the Korean peninsula at the
a.
17th parallel.
b.
25th parallel.
c.
38th parallel.
d.
47th parallel.
e.
Prime Meridian.
Name:
Class:
Date:
1
p. 156
38. At the beginning of the Korean War, the United Nations forces were under the command of General
a.
Dwight David Eisenhower.
b.
Douglas MacArthur.
c.
Omar Bradley.
d.
Bernard Montgomery.
e.
Irwin Rommel.
b
1
p. 157
39. The People’s Republic of China entered the Korean War
a.
because the Soviet Union’s Stalin demanded that Mao invade Korea in order to spread the communist
revolution to Korea.
b.
in order to distract the Chinese public from its disastrous economic condition.
c.
because the United Nations urged that China intervene in order to preserve peace.
d.
in fear that hostile American military forces would be stationed on the Chinese frontier.
e.
in order to deflect the invasion of China by the army of South Korea.
d
1
p. 157
40. In the first Indochina war, Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh Front fought against
a.
the United States.
b.
France.
c.
South Vietnam.
d.
Great Britain.
e.
China.
b
1
p. 157
41. The Geneva agreement of 1954
a.
united Vietnam into one nation.
b.
awarded France the southern part of Vietnam.
c.
temporarily divided Vietnam into a communist north and a non-communist south.
d.
permanently canceled the previously scheduled elections.
e.
ended the Korean War with a truce arranged along the 17th parallel.
1
Name:
Class:
Date:
42. The Soviet ruler who advocated “peaceful coexistence” in the 1950s was
a.
Georgy Malenkov.
b.
Nikita Khrushchev.
c.
Leonid Brezhnev.
d.
Alexei Kosygin.
e.
Mikhail Gorbachev.
p. 158
43. Examples of “peaceful coexistence” included all of the following except
a.
the Soviet intervention in Hungary.
b.
an end to the occupation of Austria.
c.
the Soviet government’s call for a reduction in defense expenditures.
d.
Nikita Khrushchev’s visit to the United States in 1958.
e.
cultural exchanges such as the visit of the Kirov Ballet to the United States.
p. 158-159
44. The outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis could best be described as
a.
a victory for the United States.
b.
a victory for the Soviet Union.
c.
a compromise which avoided nuclear war.
d.
a defeat for Fidel Castro at the Bay of Pigs.
e.
failure of diplomacy.
p. 160
45. By the early 1960s, the Soviet Union and Communist China were becoming estranged because
a.
the Soviet Union was urging Mao Zedong to attack Taiwan, but Mao was opposed.
b.
the policies of the Soviet Union were becoming more radical while those of Communist China were becoming
more moderate.
c.
the Soviets wanted to use nuclear weapons to drive the United States out of Vietnam.
d.
Mao wanted Soviet support for a Chinese Communist invasion of Taiwan, but the Soviet leadership was
unwilling to provide it.
e.
Mao wanted to pursue a policy of “socialism in one country” while Nikita Khrushchev advocated a policy of
permanent international revolution led by the Comintern.
p. 157-158
Name:
Class:
Date:
46. By 1968, the war in Vietnam was
a.
becoming a stalemate.
b.
being won by North Vietnam.
c.
being won by the United States.
d.
being won by South Vietnam.
e.
in danger of spreading to China and India.
p. 164
47. The American president who reversed the United States policy towards Communist China and made a diplomatic visit
to China was
a.
John F. Kennedy.
b.
Lyndon B. Johnson.
c.
Richard M. Nixon.
d.
Jimmy Carter.
e.
Ronald Reagan.
p. 164
48. The Paris peace treaty of 1973
a.
ended the war in Vietnam by dividing Vietnam at the 17th parallel.
b.
awarded North Vietnam the victory.
c.
stated that American troops would remain in Vietnam in order to keep the peace.
d.
stated that American troops would be withdrawn from Vietnam and that both sides would attempt to achieve a
political solution.
e.
was immediately voided because of Chinese military intervention in the north.
p. 164
49. When Nikita Khrushchev fell from power in 1964, he was replaced by
a.
Joseph Broz Tito.
b.
Walter Ulbricht.
c.
Mikhail Gorbachev.
d.
Leonid Brezhnev.
e.
Viktor Andropov.
p. 165
p. 160
Name:
Class:
Date:
50. Détente refers to
a.
the destabilization of the relationship between the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China.
b.
the detection of nuclear tests in the atmosphere in accordance with the Helsinki Agreement.
c.
the deactivation of the hot line between Moscow and Washington, D.C. after the Bay of Pigs fiasco.
d.
the destruction of the artificial border between North and South Vietnam as a part of the 1953 truce.
e.
the lessening of tensions after the Cuban Missile Crisis between the United States and the Soviet Union.
p. 165
51. In the 1972 SALT I Treaty
a.
the United States agreed to withdraw its troops from Vietnam and only aid South Vietnam with non-nuclear
missiles.
b.
the Soviet Union and the United States agreed to set limits on their antiballistic missile systems.
c.
Communist China and the Soviet Union agreed to resume diplomatic relations.
d.
the United States opened formal diplomatic relations with Communist China after the visit of Richard Nixon.
e.
prohibited nuclear testing in the atmosphere.
b
p. 165
52. The policy of “equivalence”
a.
assumed a balance of power on both sides could prevent war.
b.
was the diplomatic attempt to trade Soviet spies for Western spies after the construction of the Berlin Wall.
c.
found that Western Europe and Eastern Europe were equal in their military capacity.
d.
was the doctrine which saw the West accept the Soviet presence in Eastern Europe in exchange for human
rights guarantees by the Eastern European Communist bloc.
e.
ended with administration of Richard Nixon.
p. 165
53. The 1975 agreement in which the West recognized the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe and all the
signatories promised to protect the human rights of their citizens was
a.
SALT II.
b.
the Paris Peace Treaty.
c.
the Equivalence Accord.
d.
the Helsinki Accords.
e.
the Moscow Memorandum.
d
p. 165
Name:
Class:
Date:
54. The supposed public fear in the United States to becoming involved in a regional war was the
a.
Berlin Syndrome.
b.
Korea Syndrome.
c.
Munich Syndrome.
d.
Jerusalem Syndrome.
e.
Vietnam Syndrome.
p. 166
55. The United State’s threat to use military force if necessary to safeguard Western access to the Middle East’s oil
reserves is known as the
a.
Carter Doctrine.
b.
Kennedy Doctrine.
c.
Nixon Doctrine.
d.
Reagan Doctrine.
e.
Truman Doctrine.
p. 166
56. The phrase, “the evil empire,” was uttered by
a.
John Kennedy.
b.
Winston Churchill.
c.
Charles de Gaulle.
d.
Ronald Reagan.
e.
Bill Clinton.
p. 166
57. All of the following were part of the increased Cold War tensions under Ronald Reagan except
a.
“Star Wars.”
b.
harsh rhetoric.
c.
cruise missiles.
d.
the Strategic Defense Initiative.
e.
the Gulf War against Iraq.
p. 166
58. The Sandinistas and the Contras were bitter opponents in the Central American nation of
a.
Costa Rica.
Name:
Class:
Date:
b.
El Salvador.
c.
Guatemala.
d.
Nicaragua.
e.
Panama.
d
1
p. 166
59. The Berlin Airlift accomplished all except
a.
avoided direct conflict between USSR and USA.
b.
delivered up to 13,000 tons of supplies daily.
c.
supplied the cities resident with food.
d.
defeated the Soviet Union with a combination of tanks and trucks.
e.
convinced the Soviets to lift the blockade.
d
1
p. 151
60. Which leaders supported the Nonaligned Movement?
a.
Nehru, Tito, and Sukarno.
b.
Castro, Tito, and Mao.
c.
Mao, Gorbachev, and Brezhnev.
d.
Ho Chi Minh, Sukarno, and Kennan.
e.
Marshall, Johnson, and Kissinger.
1
p. 160
61. The failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 took place at
a.
Havana.
b.
the Bay of Pigs.
c.
Hanoi.
d.
Straits of Hormuz.
e.
Honduras.
b
1
p. 160
62. As part of the negotiations ending the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States agreed
a.
to grant travel visas to American tourists travelling to Cuba.
b.
to support Castro’s regime with grain exports.
c.
to evacuate troops from Berlin.
d.
to remove missiles from Turkey.
Name:
Class:
Date:
e.
to close bases in South Korea.
d
POINTS:
1
p. 160
63. What city did Khrushchev refer to as a “boil on the foot of the United States”?
a.
Berlin.
b.
Moscow.
c.
Beijing.
d.
Saigon.
e.
Jerusalem.
ANSWER:
1
REFERENCES:
p. 159
64. Which of these countries was not an original member of the Warsaw Pact?
a.
Austria.
b.
Albania.
c.
Hungary.
d.
Romania.
e.
Poland.
POINTS:
1
p. 152
Subjective Short Answer
Identify the following terms:
65. Cold War
ANSWER:
Answer not provided.
1
66. Polish government-in–exile
ANSWER:
Answer not provided.
1
67. Josip Broz/Tito
ANSWER:
Answer not provided.
1
68. Churchill’s “Iron Curtain”
Answer not provided.
1
Name:
Class:
Date:
69. the Truman Doctrine
70. the Marshall Plan
71. George Kennan and “containment”
72. Berlin Blockade and Airlift
73. Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
74. German Democratic Republic
75. NATO and the Warsaw Pact
76. COMECON
77. Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong
78. the “mass line”
79. the PLA
80. Taiwan
Name:
Class:
Date:
81. “soft on communism”
82. 38th parallel
83. Korean War
84. Yalu River
85. Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh Front
86. Geneva Conference, 1954
87. the Republic of Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
88. “peaceful coexistence”
89. ICBMs and a “missile gap”
90. Nikita Khrushchev
91. “the spirit of Camp David”
Name:
Class:
Date:
92. the Third World
93. John F. Kennedy
94. the Bay of Pigs
95. Cuban Missile Crisis
96. Fidel Castro
97. the Viet Cong
98. Richard Nixon’s trip to China, 1972
99. Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin
100. détente
101. SALT I
102. doctrine of “equivalence”
103. Helsinki Agreement
Name:
Class:
Date:
104. Carter Doctrine
105. Nonaligned Movement
106. “Vietnam syndrome”
107. Ronald Reagan’s “evil empire”
108. SDI/”Star Wars”
109. the Sandinistas and the Contras
110. Mikhail Gorbachev
111. perestroika
112. Douglas MacArthur
113. Ngo Dinh Diem