5) ________ is isoelectronic with helium.
A) H–
B) H+
C) H
D) B3-
E) N3-
6) ________ is isoelectronic with krypton.
A) Se2–
B) Se3-
C) Br
D) Se2+
E) Te2-
7) ________ is isoelectronic with argon.
A) Cl–
B) P4-
C) Ca
D) K–
E) F–
8) ________ is isoelectronic with scandium.
A) Cr3+
B) Mn5+
C) Mn
D) Mn4-
E) K+
9) ________ is isoelectronic with argon, and ________ is isoelectronic with neon.
A) P3-, N3-
B) P2-, N2-
C) P3+, N3+
D) N3-, P3-
E) P, N
10) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?
A) In
B) Sn
C) Sb
D) Te
E) I
11) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?
A) As
B) O
C) Sn
D) Cs
E) Ca
12) Which one of the following has the smallest radius?
A) Na
B) Al
C) K
D) Ca
13) Which of the following correctly lists the five atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to largest)?
A) Ge < Si < S < O < Ne
B) Ne < O < S < Si < Ge
C) Ne < S < O < Si < Ge
D) Ne < Si < O < S < Ge
E) Ne < Ge < Si < S < O
14) The ion with the smallest diameter is ________.
A) Li+
B) Na+
C) K+
D) Rb+
E) Cs+
15) The ion with the largest diameter is ________.
A) Po2-
B) S2-
C) Se2-
D) Te2-
E) O2-
16) Of the following atoms, which has the largest first ionization energy?
A) K
B) Rb
C) Sr
D) Ca
E) Ba
17) Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy?
A) Si
B) Mg
C) Al
D) Na
E) P
18) Which equation correctly represents the third ionization of aluminum?
A) Al2+(g) → Al3+(g) + e–
B) Al(g) → Al+(g) + e–
C) Al2-(g) → Al3-(g) + e–
D) Al3+(g) + e– → Al2+(g)
E) Al+(g) → Al2+(g) + e–
19) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of phosphorous?
A) P(g) → P+(g) + e–
B) P+(g) → P2+(g) + e–
C) P(g) → P–(g) + e–
D) P+(g) + e– → P(g)
E) P2+(g) → P3+(g) + e–
20) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of copper?
A) Cu(g) → Cu+(g) + e–
B) Cu+(g) → Cu2+(g) + e–
C) Cu(g) → Cu–(g) + e–
D) Cu+(g) + e– → Cu(g)
E) Cu2+(g) → Cu3+(g) + e–
21) Of the following elements, ________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) F
B) Cl
C) Br
D) H
E) I
22) Which one of the following is a metalloid?
A) Si
B) S
C) Cl
D) In
E) Li
23) Which one of the following is a metal?
A) Li
B) S
C) I
D) He
E) Si
24) Of the elements below, ________ is the most metallic.
A) Sn
B) P
C) Br
D) Rn
E) As
25) Of the elements below, ________ is the least metallic.
A) Ne
B) F
C) Cl
D) O
E) S
26) Of the following metals, ________ exhibits multiple oxidation states.
A) Ni
B) K
C) Ca
D) Al
E) Sr
27) Bromine is much more apt to exist as an anion than is potassium. This is because ________.
A) Bromine has a greater electron affinity than potassium does
B) Bromine is bigger than potassium
C) Bromine has a greater ionization energy than potassium does
D) Bromine is a liquid and potassium is a solid
E) Bromine is more metallic than potassium
28) All of the following are ionic compounds except ________.
A) CH4
B) K2O
C) Be(OH)2
D) NiCl2
E) Sr3N2
29) Which one of the following compounds produces a basic solution when dissolved in water?
A) Rb2O
B) SO2
C) OBr2
D) ZnCl2
E) N2
30) Element M reacts with oxygen to form an oxide with the formula MO. When MO is dissolved in
water, the resulting solution is basic. Element M could be ________.
A) strontium
B) bromine
C) selenium
D) germanium
E) nitrogen
31) This element reacts with hydrogen to produce a gas with the formula HX. When dissolved in water,
HX forms an acidic solution. X is ________.
A) chlorine
B) calcium
C) oxygen
D) germanium
E) arsenic
32) Element M reacts with oxygen to form an oxide with the formula M2O. When M2O is dissolved in
water, the resulting solution is basic. Element M could be ________.
A) calcium
B) bromine
C) oxygen
D) carbon
E) nitrogen
7.4 Short Answer Questions
1) The degree of interaction between two electrical charges depends on the ________ and the ________ of
the charges and the distance between them.
2) As successive electrons are removed from an element, the ionization energy ________.
3) Which noble gas has the highest first ionization energy?
4) When electrons are removed from a lithium atom, they are removed first from which orbital?
5) An added electron to the element bromine goes into which orbital?
6) Write the balanced reaction between zinc oxide and sulfuric acid.
7) What are the elements called that are located between the metals and nonmetals?
9) Which metal is a liquid at room temperature?
10) [Xe]6s2 is the electron configuration for ________.
11) [Kr]5s2 is the electron configuration for ________.
12) In their compounds, the charges on the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals are ________ and
________, respectively.
13) Which alkali metals can react with oxygen to form either the peroxide or the superoxide?
14) Write the balanced equation for the reaction of potassium with water.
15) Of the alkaline earth metals, which two elements are the least reactive?
16) Write the balanced equation for the reaction of elemental fluorine with liquid water.
17) Write the balanced equation for the reaction of elemental chlorine with liquid water.
18) List seven nonmetals that exist as diatomic molecules in their elemental forms.
19) All of the group VIA elements are solids except ________.
20) Which noble gas has the lowest first ionization energy?
7.5 True/False Questions
1) The effective nuclear charge acting on an electron is larger than the actual nuclear charge.
2) The effective nuclear charge in an atom is proportional to the number of nuclear protons.
3) The atomic radius of iodine is one-half the distance separating the iodine nuclei.
4) A group of ions all containing the same number of electrons constitutes an isoelectronic series.
5) Elements that readily conduct electricity are elements with low ionization energies.
6) Electron affinity measures how easily an atom gains an electron.
7) Xenon can form compounds with fluorine.