Chemistry: The Central Science, 12e (Brown et al.)
Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
7.1 Multiple–Choice Questions
1) In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?
A) O, S, Se
B) N, O, F
C) Na, Mg, K
D) S, Se, Si
E) Ne, Na, Mg
2) In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties?
A) P, Se, I
B) Cl, Br, Na
C) Si, As, Te
D) Ne, Na, Mg
E) Br, I, At
3) Electrons in the 1s subshell are much closer to the nucleus in Ar than in He due to the larger
__________ in Ar.
A) nuclear charge
B) paramagnetism
C) diamagnetism
D) Hund’s rule
E) azimuthal quantum number
4) Screening of the nuclear charge by core electrons in atoms is __________.
A) less efficient than that by valence electrons
B) more efficient than that by valence electrons
C) essentially identical to that by valence electrons
D) responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group
E) both essentially identical to that by valence electrons and responsible for a general decrease in atomic
radius going down a group
5) The effective nuclear charge of an atom is primarily affected by __________.
A) inner electrons
B) outer electrons
C) nuclear charge
D) electron distribution
E) orbital radial probability
6) The atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group because __________.
A) effective nuclear charge increases down a group
B) effective nuclear charge decreases down a group
C) effective nuclear charge zigzags down a group
D) the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases
E) both effective nuclear charge increases down a group and the principal quantum number of the
valence orbitals increases
7) Atomic radius generally increases as we move __________.
A) down a group and from right to left across a period
B) up a group and from left to right across a period
C) down a group and from left to right across a period
D) up a group and from right to left across a period
E) down a group; the period position has no effect
8) Atomic radius generally decreases as we move __________.
A) down a group and from right to left across a period
B) up a group and from left to right across a period
C) down a group and from left to right across a period
D) up a group and from right to left across a period
E) down a group; the period position has no effect
9) Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si and Ar?
A) Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar
B) Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg
C) Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg
D) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar
E) Ar > P > Si > Mg > Na
10) Of the following, which gives the correct order for atomic radius for Ca, K, As, Ge and Kr?
A) Ca > K > As > Ge > Kr
B) Kr > Ge > As > K > Ca
C) Ge > As > Kr > K > Ca
D) K > Ca > Ge > As > Kr
E) Kr > As > Ge > Ca > K
11) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?
A) O
B) F
C) S
D) Cl
E) Ne
12) Of the compounds below, __________ has the smallest ionic separation.
A) KF
B) K2S
C) RbCl
D) SrBr2
E) RbF
13) __________ is isoelectronic with argon and __________ is isoelectronic with neon.
A) Cl–, F–
B) Cl–, Cl+
C) F+, F–
D) Ne–, Kr+
E) Ne–, Ar+
14) Which of the following is an isoelectronic series?
A) B5-, Si4-, As3-, Te2-
B) F–, Cl–, Br–, I–
C) S, Cl, Ar, K
D) Si2-, P2-, S2-, Cl2-
E) O2-, F–, Ne, Na+
15) Which isoelectronic series is correctly arranged in order of increasing radius?
A) K+ < Ca2+ < Ar < Cl–
B) Cl– < Ar < K+ < Ca2+
C) Ca2+ < Ar < K+ < Cl–
D) Ca2+ < K+ < Ar < Cl–
E) Ca2+ < K+ < Cl– < Ar
16) Of the choices below, which gives the order for first ionization energies?
A) Cl > S > Al > Ar > Si
B) Ar > Cl > S > Si > Al
C) Al > Si > S > Cl > Ar
D) Cl > S > Al > Si > Ar
E) S > Si > Cl > Al > Ar
17) Of the choices below, which gives the order for first ionization energies?
A) Kr > Se > Br > Ga > Ge
B) Kr > Br > Se > Ge > Ga
C) Ga > Br > Ge > Kr > Se
D) Ga > Ge > Se > Br > Kr
E) Br > Se > Ga > Kr > Ge
18) __________ have the lowest first ionization energies of the groups listed.
A) Alkali metals
B) Transition elements
C) Halogens
D) Alkaline earth metals
E) Noble gases
19) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of aluminum?
A) Al– (g) → Al (g) + e–
B) Al (g) → Al– (g) + e–
C) Al (g) + e– → Al– (g)
D) Al (g) → Al+ (g) + e–
E) Al+ (g) + e– → Al (g)
20) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of aluminum?
A) Al+ (g) + e– → Al (g)
B) Al (g) → Al+ (g) + e–
C) Al- (g) + e– → Al2- (g)
D) Al+ (g) + e– → Al2+ (g)
E) Al+ (g) → Al2+ (g) + e–
21) Which of the following correctly represents the third ionization of aluminum?
A) Al+2 (g) + e– → Al+1 (g)
B) Al (g) → Al+ (g) + e–
C) Al-2 (g) + e– → Al3- (g)
D) Al+2 (g) + e– → Al3+ (g)
E) Al+2 (g) → Al3+ (g) + e–
22) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of phosphorus?
A) P (g) + e– → P– (g)
B) P (g) → P– (g) + e–
C) P (g) → P+ (g) + e–
D) P– (g) → P (g) + e–
E) P+ (g) + e– → P (g)
23) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of phosphorus?
A) P+ (g) + e– → P2+ (g)
B) P (g) → P+ (g) + e–
C) P– (g) + e– → P2- (g)
D) P+ (g) → P2+ (g) + e–
E) P+ (g) + e– → P (g)
24) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of calcium?
A) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + e–
B) Ca (g) → Ca– (g) + e–
C) Ca (g) + e– → Ca– (g)
D) Ca– (g) → Ca (g) + e–
E) Ca+ (g) + e– → Ca (g)
25) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of calcium?
A) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + e–
B) Ca+ (g) → Ca2+ (g) + e–
C) Ca- (g) + e– → Ca2- (g)
D) Ca+ (g) + e– → Ca2+ (g)
E) Ca+ (g) + e– → Ca (g)
26) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of copper?
A) Cu (g) → Cu+ (g) + e–
B) Cu (g) → Cu– (g) + e–
C) Cu (g) + e– → Cu– (g)
D) Cu– (g) → Cu (g) + e–
E) Cu+ (g) + e– → Cu (g)
27) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of copper?
A) Cu (g) → Cu+ (g) + e–
B) Cu+ (g) → Cu2+ (g) + e–
C) Cu– (g) + e– → Cu2- (g)
D) Cu+ (g) + e– → Cu2+ (g)
E) Cu+ (g) + e– → Cu (g)
28) Which ion below has the largest radius?
A) Cl–
B) K+
C) Br–
D) F–
E) Na+
29) The ion with the smallest diameter is __________.
A) Br–
B) Cl–
C) I–
D) F–
E) O2-
30) The ion with the largest diameter is __________.
A) Br–
B) Cl–
C) I–
D) F–
E) O2-
31) Of the following species, __________ has the largest radius.
A) Rb+
B) Sr2+
C) Br–
D) Kr
E) Ar
Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow:
(i) 1s22s22p63s1
(ii) 1s22s22p63s2
(iii) 1s22s22p63s23p1
(iv) 1s22s22p63s23p4
(v) 1s22s22p63s23p5
32) The electron configuration belonging to the atom with the highest second ionization energy is
__________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
33) The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest second ionization energy is
__________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
34) The electron configuration of the atom with the most negative electron affinity is __________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
35) The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have a positive electron affinity is
__________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
36) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) Na
B) Li
C) Be
D) N
E) F
37) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) S
B) Cl
C) Se
D) Br
E) I
38) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) P
B) Al
C) Si
D) Cl
E) B
39) Of the following elements, __________ has the most negative electron affinity.
A) O
B) K
C) B
D) Na
E) S
40) Chlorine is much more apt to exist as an anion than is sodium. This is because __________.
A) chlorine is bigger than sodium
B) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does
C) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does
D) chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid
E) chlorine is more metallic than sodium
41) Sodium is much more apt to exist as a cation than is chlorine. This is because __________.
A) chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid
B) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than sodium does
C) chlorine is bigger than sodium
D) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium does
E) chlorine is more metallic than sodium
42) Which equation correctly represents the electron affinity of calcium?
A) Ca (g) + e– → Ca– (g)
B) Ca (g) → Ca+ (g) + e–
C) Ca (g) → Ca– (g) + e–
D) Ca– (g) → Ca (g) + e–
E) Ca+ (g) + e– → Ca (g)
43) Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of bromine?
A) Br (g) → Br+ (g) + e–
B) Br (g) + e– → Br– (g)
C) Br2 (g) + e– → Br– (g)
D) Br2 (g) + 2 e– → 2 Br– (g)
E) Br+ (g) + e– → Br (g)
44) Which of the following correctly represents the electron affinity of phosphorus?
A) P (g) → P+ (g) + e–
B) P (g) + e– → P (g)
C) P4 (g) + e– → P (g)
D) P4 (g) + 4 e– → 4 P– (g)
E) P+ (g) + e– → P (g)
45) In the generation of most anions, the energy change (kJ/mol) that _______ an electron is ________.
A) removes, positive
B) adds, positive
C) removes, negative
D) adds, negative
E) None of the above is correct.
46) Of the elements below, __________ is the most metallic.
A) sodium
B) barium
C) magnesium
D) calcium
E) cesium
47) Which one of the following is a metalloid?
A) Ge
B) S
C) Br
D) Pb
E) C
48) Which one of the following is a metal?
A) Ge
B) S
C) Br
D) Pb
E) C
49) Of the elements below, __________ is the most metallic.
A) Na
B) Mg
C) Al
D) K
E) Ar
50) Of the elements below, __________ is the least metallic.
A) Na
B) Mg
C) Al
D) K
E) Ar
51) The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is __________.
A) B > N > C
B) F > Cl > S
C) Si > P > S
D) P > S > Se
E) Na > K > Rb
52) The list that correctly indicates the order of metallic character is __________.
A) Sr > Ca > Mg
B) F > Cl > Br
C) C > Ge > Si
D) Li > Na > K
E) O > Se > S
53) Of the elements below, __________ has the highest melting point.
A) Ca
B) K
C) Fe
D) Na
E) Ba
54) Of the following metals, __________ exhibits multiple oxidation states.
A) Al
B) Cs
C) V
D) Ca
E) Na
55) Of the following metals, __________ exhibits multiple oxidation states.
A) Al
B) Rb
C) Mg
D) Ni
E) Cs
56) Of the following oxides, __________ is the most acidic.
A) CaO
B) CO2
C) Al2O3
D) Li2O
E) Na2O
57) The acidity of carbonated water is due to the __________.
A) presence of sulfur
B) reaction of CO2 and H2O
C) addition of acid
D) nonmetal oxides
E) none of the above
58) The element in the periodic table that looks like a metal, is a poor thermal conductor, and acts as an
electrical semiconductor is __________.
A) Sn
B) B
C) As
D) Si
E) Ge
59) Transition metals within a period differ mainly in the number of ________ electrons.
A) s
B) p
C) d
D) f
E) all of the above
60) Which one of the following compounds would produce an acidic solution when dissolved in water?
A) Na2O
B) CaO
C) MgO
D) CO2
E) SrO
61) Nonmetals can be __________ at room temperature.
A) solid, liquid, or gas
B) solid or liquid
C) solid only
D) liquid only
E) liquid or gas
62) Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?
A) acidic oxides
B) low ionization energies
C) malleability
D) ductility
E) These are all characteristics of metals.
63) When two elements combine to form a compound, the greater the difference in metallic character
between the two elements, the greater the likelihood that the compound will be __________.
A) a gas at room temperature
B) a solid at room temperature
C) metallic
D) nonmetallic
E) a liquid at room temperature
64) Alkaline earth metals __________.
A) have the smallest atomic radius in a given period
B) form monoanions
C) form basic oxides
D) exist as triatomic molecules
E) form halides with the formula MX
65) Between which two elements is the difference in metallic character the greatest?
A) Rb and O
B) O and I
C) Rb and I
D) Li and O
E) Li and Rb
66) The oxide of which element below can react with hydrochloric acid?
A) sulfur
B) selenium
C) nitrogen
D) sodium
E) carbon
67) Consider the general valence electron configuration of ns2np5 and the following statements:
(i) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to form -1 anions.
(ii) Elements with this electron configuration are expected to have large
positive electron affinities.
(iii) Elements with this electron configuration are nonmetals.
(iv) Elements with this electron configuration form acidic oxides.
Which statements are true?
A) (i) and (ii)
B) (i), (ii), and (iii)
C) (ii) and (iii)
D) (i), (iii,) and (iv)
E) All statements are true.
68) Which of the following traits characterizes the alkali metals?
A) very high melting point
B) existence as diatomic molecules
C) formation of dianions
D) the lowest first ionization energies in a period
E) the smallest atomic radius in a period
69) This element is more reactive than lithium and magnesium but less reactive than potassium. This
element is __________.
A) Na
B) Rb
C) Ca
D) Be
E) Fr
70) Which one of the following is not true about the alkali metals?
A) They are low density solids at room temperature.
B) They all readily form ions with a +1 charge.
C) They all have 2 electrons in their valence shells.
D) They are very reactive elements.
E) They have the lowest first ionization energies of the elements.
71) Consider the following properties of an element:
(i) It is solid at room temperature.
(ii) It easily forms an oxide when exposed to air.
(iii) When it reacts with water, hydrogen gas evolves.
(iv) It must be stored submerged in oil.
Which element fits the above description the best?
A) sulfur
B) copper
C) mercury
D) sodium
E) magnesium
72) Which of the following generalizations cannot be made with regard to reactions of alkali metals?
(The symbol M represents any one of the alkali metals.)
A) M (s) + O2 (g) → M O2 (s)
B) 2M (s) + 2 H2O (l) → 2MOH (aq) + H2 (g)
C) 2M (s) + H2 (g) → 2MH (s)
D) 2M (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2MCl (s)
E) 2M (s) + S (s) → M2S (s)
73) The reaction of alkali metals with oxygen produce __________.
A) oxides
B) peroxides
C) superoxides
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
74) Alkali metals tend to be more reactive than alkaline earth metals because __________.
A) alkali metals have lower densities
B) alkali metals have lower melting points
C) alkali metals have greater electron affinities
D) alkali metals have lower ionization energies
E) alkali metals are not more reactive than alkaline earth metals
75) The alkali metal that is naturally radioactive is __________.
A) rubidium
B) cesium
C) lithium
D) francium
E) sodium
76) Which one of the following beverages originally contained lithium salts?
A) Coca-Cola®
B) Pepsi-Cola®
C) Gatorade®
D) Kool-Aid®
E) Seven-Up®
77) The alkali metal that is used to treat manic-depressive illness is __________.
A) Na
B) K
C) Li
D) Rb
E) Cs
78) All of the following are ionic compounds except __________.
A) K2O
B) Na2SO4
C) SiO2
D) Li3N
E) NaCl