Chemistry for Changing Times, 14e (Hill/McCreary)
Chapter 7 Acids and Bases
7.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which is NOT a characteristic of acids?
A) taste bitter
B) turn litmus red
C) react with bases to form salts
D) react with active metals to form H2 gas
2) Which is NOT a characteristic of bases?
A) taste bitter
B) turn litmus red
C) react with acids to form salts
D) produce hydroxide ions when added to water
3) Lemon juice has a sour taste and turns litmus to red. Lemon juice is
A) basic.
B) acidic.
C) neutral.
D) caustic.
4) The four basic tastes are all related to acids and bases in some manner. The taste sensation with the
least direct, least well understood, and probably most complex relationship between taste response and
acid/base properties is
A) bitter.
B) sour.
C) salt.
D) sweet.
5) Many medicines have a bitter taste which manufacturers attempt to disguise. Many medicines are
probably
A) acids.
B) bases.
C) salts.
D) neutral.
6) Which of the following acids is responsible for the sour taste of yogurt?
A) acetic
B) citric
C) lactic
D) phosphoric
7) Foods that are acidic can be identified by their ________ taste.
A) bitter
B) sweet
C) salty
D) sour
8) Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of acids?
A) taste sour
B) turn litmus red
C) react with bases to form salts
D) All are characteristics of acids.
9) Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of bases?
A) taste bitter
B) reacts with acids to form salts
C) produce hydroxide ions when added to water
D) All are characteristics of bases.
10) Which of the following statements about bases is correct?
A) Bases taste bitter.
B) Bases feel slippery when wet.
C) Bases turn litmus blue.
D) All of these statements are correct.
11) Drain cleaner is an example of a(n)
A) acid.
B) base.
C) salt.
D) neutral compound.
12) A compound that changes color when it is placed into an acidic or a basic solution is
A) amphiprotic.
B) an acid-base indicator.
C) a buffer.
D) protonated.
13) Which of the following is NOT true of the Arrhenius theory?
A) Acids are defined as compounds that produce H+ ions in water solution.
B) Bases are defined as compounds that produce OH– ions in water solution.
C) Arrhenius theory only applies to reactions in aqueous solution.
D) Acids are defined as compounds that produce OH– ions in water solution.
14) According to Arrhenius, an acid and a base will react to give
A) an acidic solution.
B) a basic solution.
C) a salt plus water.
D) a solid.
15) H3O+ is the
A) hydrate ion.
B) hydrogen ion.
C) hydroxide ion.
D) hydronium ion.
16) A hydrogen ion, H+, is the same as a(n)
A) hydronium ion.
B) proton.
C) electron.
D) hydrate.
17) Which of the following is a correct definition of an acid that is not dependent upon the solvent?
A) Acids produce hydronium ions.
B) Acids are proton donors.
C) Acids produce hydroxide ions.
D) Acids are proton acceptors.
18) When HCl is added to pure water, HCl molecules lose protons, while water molecules gain protons.
In this reaction, HCl is a(n)
A) acid.
B) base.
C) salt.
D) solvent.
19) Sulfuric acid is the leading chemical produced and used industrially. What is the formula for sulfuric
acid?
A) SO4
B) HSO4
C) H2(SO)4
D) H2SO4
20) Phosphoric acid is added to many popular beverages to give them a tart flavor. The formula of
phosphoric acid is
A) H3PO4.
B) H4PO3.
C) H2PO4.
D) HPO4.
21) All of the following are bases EXCEPT
A) KOH.
B) HNO3.
C) NH3.
D) Ba(OH)2.
22) A useful broad view of reactions between acids and bases involves the
A) transfer of protons.
B) transfer of electrons.
C) conversion of protons into electrons.
D) ionization of atoms.
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23) Which of the following is a hydroxide ion?
A) OH–
B) H+
C) H3O+
D) H2O–
24) Which of the following is a correct definition of a base that is not dependent upon the solvent?
A) Bases produce hydronium ions.
B) Bases are proton donors.
C) Bases produce hydroxide ions.
D) Bases are proton acceptors.
25) What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?
A) CaOH
B) Ca2OH
C) Ca(OH)2
D) CaOH2
26) The compound CH3NH2 reacts with water to form CH3NH3+ and OH–. In this reaction, CH3NH2 is
acting as a(n)
A) acid.
B) base.
C) salt.
D) catalyst.
27) A salt that can conduct electricity when it is dissolved in water is a(n)
A) buffer.
B) catalyst.
C) electrolyte.
D) indicator.
28) All of the following are examples of green chemistry EXCEPT
A) Biodiesel is made from oils that have been used for frying foods.
B) Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable plastic derived from corn.
C) Hydrocarbons containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms are used as a fuel source.
D) Glycerol from triglycerides can be used as a moisturizing agent in soaps.
29) In what way are the green chemistry production of biodiesel fuel and of soap different?
A) Biodiesel fuels require the addition of acids, while production of soap uses bases.
B) Biodiesel fuels are converted to methyl esters, while soaps are converted to sodium salts.
C) Biodiesel fuels produce glycerol, while soap production produced methanol.
D) Biodiesel fuel decreases the amount of waste produced, while soap production increases the amount
of waste.
30) When added to water, which of the following would produce a base?
A) Li2O
B) CO2
C) F2
D) SO3
31) What base is formed by the addition of potassium oxide to water?
A) KOH
B) K2OH
C) KH
D) KH2
32) Lime is used in farming to reduce the acidity of the soil. The chemical name for lime is calcium oxide.
When water in the soil reacts with lime, what base is formed?
A) CaO
B) CaOH
C) Ca2OH
D) Ca(OH)2
33) Which of the following is an example of a nonmetal oxide?
A) SO2
B) LiOH
C) Na2O
D) H2SO4
34) When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid?
A) Na
B) BaO
C) NH3
D) SO3
35) When nonmetal oxides react with water, the resulting solution is
A) salty.
B) acidic.
C) neutral.
D) basic.
36) When metal oxides react with water, the resulting solution is generally
A) salty.
B) acidic.
C) neutral.
D) basic.
37) When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid?
A) Ba
B) Li2O
C) NH3
D) SO2
38) What acid is formed when SO3 is added to water?
A) hydrosulfuric
B) hydrosulfurous
C) sulfuric
D) sulfurous
39) When added to water, which of the following would NOT produce a base?
A) BaO
B) K2O
C) Na2O
D) CO2
40) When added to water, which of the following would produce a base?
A) Li2O
B) ClO2
C) P4O10
D) SO2
41) A nonmetal oxide is called a(n)
A) acidic anhydride.
B) basic anhydride.
C) neutral compound.
D) salt.
42) When a metal oxide is added to water, it will form a(n)
A) acid.
B) base.
C) neutral compound.
D) salt.
43) Which is a weak base in aqueous solution?
A) NH3
B) HF
C) NaOH
D) Ca(OH)2
44) The same number of moles of acetic acid and hydrogen chloride are placed in beakers containing
water. After this addition, the beaker with the HCl has more hydronium ions than the beaker with added
acetic acid. HCl is classified as
A) a weaker acid than acetic acid.
B) a stronger acid than acetic acid.
C) equal in acid strength to acetic acid.
D) a base.
45) Hydrocyanic acid is classified as a weak acid in water. This means that it produces
A) no hydronium ions.
B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
46) Hydroiodic acid is classified as a strong acid in water. This means that it produces
A) no hydronium ions.
B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
47) Ammonia is classified as a weak base in water. This means that it produces
A) no hydroxide ions.
B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
48) Lithium hydroxide is classified as a strong base in water. This means that it produces
A) no hydroxide ions.
B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
49) When an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid is just neutralized with an aqueous solution
containing sodium hydroxide, the solution would taste
A) sour.
B) bitter.
C) salty.
D) sweet.
50) All of the following are strong acids EXCEPT
A) hydrochloric acid.
B) perchloric acid.
C) hydroiodic acid.
D) hydrocyanic acid.
51) Citric acid is produced by oranges. When citric acid dissolves in water, it produces a relatively small
number of hydronium ions. Citric acid is best described as a
A) dilute acid.
B) concentrated acid.
C) weak acid.
D) strong acid.
52) An acid is strong if it
A) is very concentrated.
B) makes acid-base indicators change color.
C) ionizes completely in water.
D) causes metals to corrode.
53) Give an example of an amphiprotic compound.
A) sulfuric acid
B) water
C) potassium chloride
D) ammonia
54) A weak base
A) is present in low concentration in solution.
B) is present in high concentration in solution.
C) ionizes only slightly in solution.
D) ionizes completely in solution.
55) In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with nitric acid, HNO3,
the coefficient of nitric acid is
A) 3.
B) 2.
C) 1.
D) 4.
56) In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of sodium hydroxide with sulfuric acid,
H2SO4, the coefficient of water is
A) 2.
B) 1.
C) 3.
D) 4.
57) In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with sulfuric acid,
H2SO4, the coefficient of water is
A) 4.
B) 5
C) 1.
D) 2.
58) A ruptured tank in Anywhere, USA spilled hydrochloric acid. Officials were reported to be
“concerned that the acid might mix with sodium hydroxide – caustic soda – in a neighboring tank and
form a toxic gas.” What toxic gas would be formed?
A) carbon dioxide
B) chlorine
C) chlorine dioxide
D) none