Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition
Chapter 69: Protein Metabolism
Test Bank
1. Which of the following best describes the source of the carbon skeleton for synthesizing
non-essential amino acids?
A. Glutamate
B. Acetyl coenzyme A
C. Carbohydrates
D. Essential amino acids
2. The use of proteins for energy begins with which of the following processes?
A. Deamination
B. Hydroxylation
C. Oxidation
D. Polymerization
E. Reduction
3. A 56-year-old woman with chronic liver disease is brought to the physician because of
confusion, a depressed level of consciousness, personality changes, and intellectual
impairment. Laboratory tests support a diagnosis that the woman is suffering from liver
encephalopathy. Which of the following blood factors is the most likely cause of this
condition?
A. Ammonia
B. Ammonium
C. Arginine
D. Citrulline
E. Ornithine
F. Urea
4. Which of the following substances best describes deaminated alanine?
A. Acetoacetic acid
B. Acetyl coenzyme A
C. Glucose
D. Lactic acid
E. Pyruvic acid
F. Urea
Test Bank
69-2
5. An increase in blood levels of which of the following substances promotes breakdown of
proteins in most tissues?
A. Estrogen
B. Glucocorticoid
C. Growth hormone
D. Insulin
E. Testosterone
6. Which of the following processes best describes synthesis of alanine from pyruvic acid?
A. Hydroxylation
B. Oxidation
C. Polymerization
D. Reduction
E. Transamination