Chapter 68 Which of the following blood profiles greatly decreases the likelihood

Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition

Chapter 68: Lipid Metabolism

Test Bank

1. Which of the following best describes the major constituent of a typical chylomicron?

A. Apoprotein B

B. Cholesterol

C. Monoglycerides

D. Phospholipids

E. Triglycerides

2. Which of the following enzymes is especially active in the capillary endothelium and

hydrolyzes triglycerides of chylomicrons?

A. Cholesterolester hydrolase

B. Lingual lipase

C. Lipase-colipase

D. Lipoprotein lipase

E. Pancreatic lipase

3. A 45-year-old man is diagnosed with familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency. Without

treatment, the patient is at risk for developing which of the following conditions?

A. Dermatomyositis

B. Hypertriglyceridemia

C. Myopathy

D. Myositis ossificans

E. Rhabdomyolysis

4. Which of the following lipoproteins contain the highest concentration of triglycerides?

A. High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

B. Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)

C. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

D. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)

5. An increase in which of the following will most likely increase mobilization of fatty

acids from fat cells?

A. Glucagon

Test Bank

68-2

B. Hormone-sensitive lipase activity

C. Insulin

D. Lipoprotein lipase activity

6. Excess protein intake can lead to synthesis of triglycerides in liver and fat cells. The first

step of this process involves formation of which of the following substances?

A. Acetoacetic acid

B. Acetone

C. Acetyl coenzyme A

D. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

E. Pyruvate

7. Which of the following is mainly responsible for transporting triglycerides synthesized

by the liver?

A. Chylomicrons

B. LDL (low-density lipoproteins)

C. Micelles

D. VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins)

8. Increased ethanol metabolism in the liver would be expected to increase which of the

following?

A. Fat synthesis

B. Glycolytic activity

C. Mitochondrial NAD+ levels

D. Oxidation of fatty acids

9. Which of the following best describes fat storage in adipocytes?

A. Free fatty acids in liquid form

B. Free fatty acids in solid form

C. Lipoproteins in liquid form

D. Lipoproteins in solid form

E. Triglycerides in liquid form

F. Triglycerides in solid form

10. All of the following tissues can use fatty acids for energy EXCEPT one. Which one is

this EXCEPTION?

Test Bank

68-3

A. Brain

B. Heart

C. Kidney

D. Liver

E. Skeletal muscle

11. Which of the following best describes the primary location of degradation and oxidation

of fatty acids in cells?

A. Cytosol

B. Cytosol

C. Golgi apparatus

D. Lysosome

E. Mitochondrion

12. Which of the following best describes the product of beta-oxidation of fatty acids?

A. Acetyl coenzyme A

B. Lactate

C. NADH

D. Oxaloacetic acid

E. Pyruvate

13. In the liver, two molecules of acetyl coenzyme A condense to form which of the

following molecules?

A. Acetic acid

B. Acetoacetic acid

C. Acetone

D. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

E. Oxaloacetic acid

F. Pyruvate

14. An 89-year-old man fails to eat for several days causing the formation of ketone bodies.

Blood and interstitial fluid levels of which of the following substances are most likely to

be increased in this man?

A. Acetoacetic acid and acetone only

B. Acetoacetic acid only

C. Acetoacetic acid, acetone, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid

D. Acetone only

E. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Test Bank

68-4

F. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone only

G. Pyruvate and acetone only

H. Pyruvate only

I. Pyruvate, acetone, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid

15. Excess carbohydrate intake can lead to synthesis of triglycerides in liver and fat cells.

The first step of this process involves formation of which of the following substances?

A. Acetoacetic acid

B. Acetone

C. Acetyl coenzyme A

D. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

E. Pyruvate

16. Which of the following best describes the substance(s) that cause activation of hormone-

sensitive triglyceride lipase during heavy exercise?

A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine only

B. Epinephrine only

C. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and insulin

D. Insulin and epinephrine only

E. Insulin and norepinephrine only

F. Norepinephrine only

17. All of the following factors tend to increase plasma cholesterol levels EXCEPT one.

Which one is this EXCEPTION?

A. Decreased plasma insulin

B. Highly unsaturated fat diet

C. Increased dietary cholesterol

D. Increased plasma thyroid hormone

18. Which of the following blood profiles greatly decreases the likelihood of developing

arteriosclerosis (HDL, high-density lipoproteins; IDL, intermediate-density lipoproteins;

LDL, low-density lipoproteins; VLDL, very low-density lipoproteins)?

A. Decreased HDL:LDL ratio

B. Decreased IDL:LDL ratio

C. Decreased VLDL:LDL ratio

D. Increased HDL:LDL ratio

E. Increased IDL:LDL ratio

F. Increased VLDL:LDL ratio

Test Bank

68-5

19. The majority of cholesterol formed in the liver is converted to which of the following

substances?

A. Acetyl coenzyme A

B. Bile acids

C. Estrogen

D. Progesterone

E. Testosterone

20. The first stage in using triglycerides for energy is hydrolysis of the triglycerides to which

of the following substance(s)?

A. Acetyl coenzyme A

B. Cholesterol

C. Glycerol 3-phosphate

D. Glycerol and fatty acids

E. Phospholipids

21. The fatty acid molecule is degraded in the mitochondria by progressive release of two-

carbon segments in the form of which of the following substances?

A. Acetyl coenzyme A

B. Carnitine

C. Glycerol

D. Glycerol 3-phosphate

E. Oxaloacetic acid

22. High levels of acetyl-CoA and NADH in the liver mitochondria can lead to

gluconeogenesis, glycogen formation, lipid synthesis, or ketone body formation

depending on hormonal status and substrate delivery. An increase in which of the

following most likely would increase ketone body formation by the liver under these

conditions?

A. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

B. Circulating glucose levels

C. Hepatic cell glycolysis

D. Insulin action on hepatocyte

23. Which of the following is most likely to increase triglyceride synthesis in an adipose

cell?

A. Decreased availability of free fatty acids

B. Decreased lipoprotein lipase activity

C. Increased adipose cell glycolysis

D. Increased glycerol uptake by the adipose cell

24. Which of the following helps the body mobilize and/or use fat for energy?

A. Activation of lipoprotein lipase

B. Decreased hormone sensitive lipase activity

C. Increased insulin levels

D. Ketone body production by the liver