Chapter 67 Skeletal Muscle Only Skeletal Muscle Heart And

Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition

Chapter 67: Metabolism of Carbohydrates, and Formation of Adenosine Triphosphate

Test Bank

1. A high NAD+/NADH ratio in a cell would most likely facilitate which of the following?

A. Fatty acid oxidation

B. Lactate formation

C. Glucose oxidation

D. Pyruvic acid formation

2. Which of the following best describes the fate of lactate produced in exercising skeletal

muscle?

A. Converted to pyruvate in liver

B. Converted to pyruvate in skeletal muscle

C. Used as energy by liver

D. Used as energy by skeletal muscle

3. Which of the following enzymes enable the liver to export glucose?

A. Glucokinase

B. Glucose-6-phosphatase

C. Glycogen phosphatase

D. Hexokinase

4. Which of the following most likely contributes energy during anaerobic work in skeletal

muscle?

A. Gluconeogenesis

B. Fatty acid oxidation

C. Phosphocreatine

D. Oxidation of lactate to pyruvate

5. Which of the following best describes the substance that becomes the final common

pathway for the transport of nearly all carbohydrates to cells in the body?

A. ATP

B. Fructose

C. Galactose

D. Glucose

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E. NADPH

6. Which of the following mechanisms best describes how glucose is transported from the

extracellular space to the interior of a muscle fiber?

A. Facilitated diffusion

B. Primary active transport

C. Secondary active transport

D. Simple diffusion

7. If “C” represents the movement of glucose into skeletal muscle under control conditions,

which curve would represent glucose transport after adding additional insulin?

8. Which of the following transporters facilitate insulin-sensitive, postprandial uptake of

excess glucose from the bloodstream?

A. GLUT1

B. GLUT2

C. GLUT3

D. GLUT4

9. Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) is found mainly in which of the following tissues?

A. Adipose tissues only

B. Adipose tissues, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle

C. Heart only

D. Heart, liver, and adipose tissues

E. Liver only

F. Skeletal muscle only

G. Skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose tissues

H. Skeletal muscle, heart, and liver

Flux Into

Cell

Extracellular

Concentration

B

C

D

A

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10. Which of the following enzymes plays a critical role in capturing glucose intracellularly?

A. Citrate synthase

B. Fumarase

C. Glucokinase

D. Glucose phosphatase

E. Lactic dehydrogenase

F. Succinic dehydrogenase

11. Which of the following best describes the process of glycogen formation?

A. Citric acid cycle

B. Gluconeogenesis

C. Glycogenesis

D. Glycogenolysis

12. Which of the following best describes the process by which stored glycogen is converted

to glucose?

A. Citric acid cycle

B. Gluconeogenesis

C. Glycogenesis

D. Glycogenolysis

13. Which of the following substances can activate phosphorylase and thereby promote

glycogenolysis?

A. Epinephrine and glucagon

B. Epinephrine and insulin

C. Epinephrine only

D. Glucagon only

E. Glucagon, insulin, and epinephrine

F. Insulin only

14. In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is split to form two molecules of which of the

following substances?

A. Fumaric acid

B. Isocitric acid

C. Lactic acid

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D. Pyruvic acid

E. Succinic acid

15. Which of the following best describes the amount of ATP produced from one mole of

glucose by the glycolytic process (in moles)?

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 38

E. 4

16. Which of the following best describes the amount of ATP produced during the

conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl coenzyme A (in moles)?

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 38

E. 4

17. The sequence of chemical reactions in the citric acid cycle occurs in which part of a cell?

A. Cytosol

B. Golgi apparatus

C. Lysosome

D. Mitochondrion

E. Vesicle

18. The citric acid cycle begins and ends with which of the following substances?

A. Acetyl coenzyme A

B. Citric acid

C. Isocitric acid

D. Oxaloacetic acid

E. Oxalosuccinic acid

F. Succinic acid