Chapter 62 If one cuts through a segment of small intestine from the

Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition

Chapter 62: General Principles of Gastrointestinal Function—Motility, Nervous

Control, and Blood Circulation and Chapter 66: Physiology of Gastrointestinal

Disorders

Test Bank

1. Most of the gastrin released following a meal is from which of the following structures?

A. Antrum

B. Colon

C. Duodenum

D. Ileum

E. Jejunum

2. An increase in intestinal blood flow is caused by a decrease in which of the following?

A. Adenosine levels

B. CCK levels

C. Gastrin levels

D. Oxygen levels

E. Secretin levels

3. Slow wave frequency is greatest in which of the following structures?

A. Duodenum

B. External anal sphincter

C. Ileum

D. Jejunum

E. Sigmoid colon

4. Gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, motilin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

are secreted from endocrine cells located in which of the following structures?

A. Antrum

B. Colon

C. Duodenum

D. Fundus

E. Ileum

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62 and 66-2

5. An oral glucose load is cleared from the circulation more rapidly compared with an

intravenous glucose load. This interesting phenomenon can be attributed to the actions of

which hormone?

A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

B. Gastrin

C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

D. Motilin

E. Secretin

6. The main excitatory neurotransmitter to gut smooth muscle is which of the following?

A. Acetylcholine

B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

C. Noradrenalin

D. Substance P

E. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

7. Biopsies are taken from the antral and duodenal mucosa of a 45-year-old man. Which of

the following hormones can be found in tissue homogenates from both locations?

A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

C. Gastrin

D. Motilin

E. Secretin

8. If one cuts through a segment of small intestine from the outside into the lumen, in what

order would the layers of the wall be cut?

A. Mucosa, submucosa, serosa, longitudinal smooth muscle, circular smooth muscle

B. Longitudinal smooth muscle, submucosa, mucosa, serosa

C. Mucosa, longitudinal smooth muscle, serosa, submucosa, circular smooth muscle

D. Longitudinal smooth muscle, serosa, submucosa, mucosa, circular smooth muscle

E. Serosa, longitudinal smooth muscle, myenteric plexus, submucosa, mucosa

9. A 28-year-old medical student consumes a cheeseburger, fries, and chocolate shake. The

meal stimulates the release of several gastrointestinal hormones. The presence of fat,

carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum stimulates the release of which hormone from

the duodenal mucosa?

A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

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62 and 66-3

C. Gastrin

D. Motilin

E. Secretin

10. The autonomic nervous system controls gut motility by changing which of the following?

A. Gastrin secretion

B. Pacemaker discharge frequency

C. Secretin secretion

D. Slow wave frequency

E. Spike potential frequency

11. An 87-year-old farmer has a breakfast of eggs, bacon, ham, grits with cheese, fried

potatoes, biscuits with syrup, buttermilk, and coffee. Which of the following hormones is

released by the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine and helps to decrease

gastric emptying?

A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

B. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

C. Gastrin

D. Motilin

E. Secretin

12. An increase in parasympathetic stimulation causes a decrease in smooth muscle

contraction of which structure?

A. Duodenum

B. Fundus

C. Ileum

D. Jejunum

13. The endocrine or hormone secreting cells of the gastrointestinal tract are located in or

closest to which layer of the gut wall?

A. Circular muscle

B. Mucosa

C. Muscularis mucosae

D. Serosa

14. A clinical experiment is conducted in which one group of subjects is given 20 grams of

glucose intravenously and another group is given 20 grams of glucose orally. Which of

the following factors can explain why the oral glucose load is cleared from the blood at a

faster rate than the intravenous glucose load (CCK, cholecystokinin; GLIP, glucose-

dependent insulinotropic peptide; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide)?

A. CCK-induced insulin release

B. CCK-induced VIP release

C. GLIP-induced glucagon release

D. GLIP-induced insulin release

E. VIP-induced CCK release

15. At high concentrations, gastrin shares multiple effects with which gastrointestinal

peptide?

A. Bombesin

B. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

C. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)

D. Secretin

E. Motilin

16. Slow wave frequency is highest at which of the following locations?

A. Duodenum

B. Ileum

C. Jejunum

D. Stomach

17. Which of the following regulates the frequency of slow waves in the small intestine?

A. Circadian rhythms

B. Dietary intake of fiber

C. Intrinsic pacemaker cells in the smooth muscle

D. Parasympathetic nerve activity

E. Sympathetic nerve activity

18. The nervous system is directly involved in the release of which of the following GI

hormones?

Gastrin Cholecystokinin Secretin GLIP Motilin

A. no no no no no

B. no no yes yes yes

C. no yes yes no no

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62 and 66-5

D. no yes yes yes no

E. yes no no no yes

F. yes no yes yes yes

G. yes yes no yes no

H. yes yes yes no no

19. The stimulatory effects of gastrin on acid secretion are mediated in part by gastrin-

induced secretion of which of the following substances?

A. Acetylcholine

B. Amino acids

C. Gastrin-releasing peptide

D. Histamine

E. Somatostatin

20. Which of the following factors have a direct action on the parietal cell to stimulate acid

secretion?

Gastrin Somatostatin Acetylcholine Histamine

A. no no yes yes

B. yes no no yes

C. yes no yes yes

D. yes yes yes yes

E. yes yes no yes