Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
Chapter 06
Energy and Metabolism
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Why do we have storage macromolecules, such as fats, in our bodies?
2. Energy is defined as
3. The amount of energy available to do work is called
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
4. The energy needed to destabilize existing chemical bonds and start a chemical reaction is
called
5. Based on the graph, what are the optimal temperatures for the human enzyme and
hotsprings prokaryote enzyme?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
6. A drug binds to the active site of an enzyme. If it is bound to the active site of the enzyme,
it prevents substrate binding. This drug would be considered a
7. A particular reaction has a negative delta G. However, this reaction takes many years to
proceed in the absence of enzyme. Why is this the case?
8. A molecule that closely resembles the shape of a substrate for an enzyme would most
likely serve as a
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
closely resembles the shape of the substrate.
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about enzymes and inhibition? What other information is
related to the question?
Choose Answer
Do you have all the information needed to answer the question?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
9. Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss of:
10. The synthesis of sugar molecules through the process of photosynthesis requires energy
absorbed from sunlight. Bearing this in mind, what kind of reaction is photosynthesis?
11. A particular chemical reaction is exergonic. What can you say about the relationship
between the reactants and the products in this exergonic reaction?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about the energy associated with reactants and products in
reactions? What other information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
Do you have all the information needed to answer the question?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
12. Kinases are enzymes that can phosphorylate (transfer phosphate groups
onto) macromolecules such as proteins. A particular kinase, Kinase 1 is known to promote
cell division. It promotes cell division by phosphorylating Protein X. Phosphorylation of
Protein X activates Protein X. Once activated, Protein X stimulates the production of other
proteins such as Protein Y and Z that directly promote cell division. In order to function,
Kinase 1 requires the presence of Metal A. However, in the presence of Protein A, Kinase 1 is
nonfunctional. From the description, what is considered the substrate of Kinase 1?
13. Kinases are enzymes that can phosphorylate (transfer phosphate groups
onto) macromolecules such as proteins. A particular kinase, Kinase 1 is known to promote
cell division. It promotes cell division by phosphorylating Protein X. Phosphorylation of
Protein X activates Protein X. Once activated, Protein X stimulates the production of other
proteins such as Protein Y and Z that directly promote cell division. In order to function,
Kinase 1 requires the presence of Metal A. However, in the presence of Protein A, Kinase 1
is nonfunctional. From the description, what is considered a cofactor of Kinase 1?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
14. Hexokinase is an enzyme that binds specifically to glucose and converts it into glucose 6-
phosphate. The activity of hexokinase is suppressed by glucose 6-phosphate, which binds to
hexokinase at a location that is distinct from the active site. This is an example of.
15. The organic non-protein components that aid in enzyme functioning are called
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
16. The inorganic non-protein components that participate in enzyme catalysis are known as
17. Many metabolic pathways are ultimately concerned with ATP; either with the generation
of ATP, or with the requirement of ATP for that pathway to function. Why is ATP so
important to metabolism?
18. The chemistry of living systems representing all chemical reactions is called
19. A calorie is the commonly used unit of chemical energy. It is also the unit of
20. The term oxidation is derived from the name of the element oxygen. This is reasonable,
because oxygen
21. When an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, it is said to be:
22. The ultimate source of energy for humans comes from what source?
23. Glucose is broken down through cellular respiration, which involves a large number of
chemical reactions. At the end of the cellular respiration process, a large number of ATP
molecules are generated, but yet, not all of the possible energy that is contained in a molecule
of glucose can be harnessed through these chemical reactions to generate ATP. In other
words, during cellular respiration, not all of the energy that is contained in a molecule of
glucose is converted into the energy stored in ATP. What happens to the remaining energy?
24. The Law of Thermodynamics that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed is:
25. The Law of Thermodynamics that states that increases in entropy are favored is:
26. A current problem in modern medicine is the development of drug resistance
mutations. This occurs when a mutation arises in a disease-causing microbe making it
resistant to a drug and thus rendering the drug useless in treating a specific disease. Many
useful drugs are competitive inhibitors of specific enzymes, and the drug-resistance mutations
prevent the binding of the drug. These types of mutations, in addition to preventing
competitive inhibitor binding, can also sometimes reduce the activity of the enzyme. Why is
that the case? rev: 01_20_2015_QC_CS-4567
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about enzymes and how their activity is regulated? How does
this drug affect enzyme activity under normal circumstances? What other information is
related to the question?
Choose Answer
Do you have all necessary information to analyze how drug resistance would reduce
enzyme activity?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
27. Tacrolimus (FK-506) is a drug that inhibits an enzyme called calcineurin. Calcineurin is
a protein phosphatase. This is an enzyme that dephosphorylates (removes phosphate groups)
from proteins. When added to cells, tacrolimus can inhibit the dephosphorylation of a protein
called NFAT, but it cannot prevent the dephosphorylation of a protein called CDK1. What is
the most likely explanation for this finding?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about phosphates and enzymestructure? What other
information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
Do you have all necessary information to analyze how tacrolimus works on NFAT and
CDK1?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
28. RNA molecules that also act as enzymes are given the name
29. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the reactant is called the
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
30. When the substrate is bound to the enzyme, the shape of the enzyme may change slightly,
leading to
31. In order to reuse an enzyme after the conclusion of an enzyme catalyzed reaction, what
must occur?
32. You are working with a specific enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the lab. You are a very
careful experimentalist, and as a result, at the beginning of each of your experiments, you
measure the temperature in the lab. On days 1 through 5, the temperature in the lab was
20oC. Today is day 6 of your experiment, and the temperature in the lab is 30oC. How do
you predict that this will alter the rate of your enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about enzyme rates and temperature? What other information
is related to the question?
Choose Answer
Do you have all necessary information to make a judgment?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 06 – Energy and Metabolism
33. Metabolic reactions fall under two general categories: anabolic and catabolic. What type
of chemical reactions are these two classes of metabolic reactions?
34. Under standard conditions, ATP can release for every molecule converted to ADP
35. Glucose is converted into glucose 6-phosphate by hexokinase. Glucose 6-phosphate then
serves as the substrate for the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase, which converts this reactant
into fructose 6-phosphate. Fructose 6-phosphate serves as the substrate for
phosphofructokinase, which converts fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-
bisphosphate. Based on the information provided, this is an example of what?