Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, 8e (Reece et al.)
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?
A) Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
B) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
C) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
D) Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
2) How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
A) They produce ATP.
B) They produce glucose.
C) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.
D) The energy is coupled to oxygen.
3) The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these
energy conversions, some energy is
A) lost in the form of heat.
B) used to create light.
C) destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made.
D) saved in the chemical bonds of water, CO2 and O2.
4) Respiration ________, and cellular respiration ________.
A) produces ATP; is gas exchange
B) is gas exchange; produces ATP
C) produces glucose; produces oxygen
D) uses glucose; produces glucose
5) Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?
A) oxygen and carbon dioxide
B) energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide
C) oxygen and glucose
D) oxygen and energy to make ATP
6) Which of the following statements regarding cellular respiration is false?
A) Cellular respiration is a single chemical reaction with just one step.
B) Cellular respiration produces water.
C) Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
D) Cellular respiration releases heat.
7) The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is
A) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
B) 5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy.
C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
D) C6H12O6 + energy → 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + 6 O2.
8) Which of the following statements about the energy yields from cellular respiration is true?
A) Cellular respiration is more efficient at harnessing energy from glucose than car engines are
at harnessing energy from gasoline.
B) Cellular respiration converts all of the energy in glucose into high-energy ATP bonds.
C) Cellular respiration converts the kinetic energy of glucose into chemical energy.
D) The heat produced during cellular respiration is only a tiny fraction of the chemical energy
available in a glucose molecule.
9) Humans use the calories they obtain from ________ as their source of energy.
A) food
B) water
C) sunlight
D) minerals
10) Humans use about ________ of their daily calories to maintain brain cells and power other
life-sustaining activities.
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%
11) A kilocalorie is defined as
A) the quantity of glucose needed to increase the body temperature by 1°C.
B) the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.
C) the quantity of food used to maintain normal bodily functions.
D) the quantity of food consumed during a given type of exercise.
12) The label on the box of breakfast cereal lists one serving as containing “200 Calories” per
serving. How many calories are actually in one serving?
A) 20
B) 2,000
C) 200,000
D) 2,000,000
13) During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose
A) becomes stored in molecules of ammonia.
B) is used to manufacture glucose.
C) is released all at once.
D) is carried by electrons.
14) During redox reactions,
A) the loss of electrons from one substance is called reduction.
B) a substance that gains electrons is said to be oxidized.
C) electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.
D) protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule.
15) Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.
A) gain of electrons; loss of electrons
B) loss of electrons; gain of electrons
C) gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen
D) gain of protons; loss of protons
16) In biological systems, an important enzyme involved in the regulation of redox reactions is
A) glucose.
B) dehydrogenase.
C) oxygen.
D) ATP.
17) During cellular respiration, NADH
A) is chemically converted into ATP.
B) is reduced to form NAD+.
C) delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule.
D) is the final electron acceptor.
18) Which of the following statements regarding the movement of electrons during cellular
respiration is true?
A) Electrons tend to move away from O2.
B) O2 is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water.
C) The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one
molecule to another.
D) O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water.
19) The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to
A) a Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs.
B) a canoe going over a waterfall.
C) a person climbing a flight of stairs one step at a time.
D) a person leaping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump.
20) Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration in the correct order?
A) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
B) glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle
C) the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis
D) oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle
21) A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial
membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit
A) the citric acid cycle.
B) oxidative phosphorylation.
C) glycolysis.
D) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
22) During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level
phosphorylation take place?
A) glycolysis
B) the citric acid cycle
C) oxidative phosphorylation
D) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
23) Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic
metabolism?
A) the citric acid cycle
B) oxidative phosphorylation
C) glycolysis
D) electron transport chain
24) As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 36
25) How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
26) Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?
A) production of CO2
B) conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds
C) a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
D) conversion of NADH to NAD+
27) A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. As
the bacteria metabolize the glucose, the radioactive carbon will appear first in
A) carbon dioxide.
B) glucose-6-phosphate.
C) pyruvate.
D) ATP.
28) The end products of glycolysis include
A) NADH.
B) acetyl CoA.
C) citric acid.
D) O2.
29) Pyruvate
A) forms at the end of glycolysis.
B) is the molecule that starts the citric acid cycle.
C) is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation.
D) is a six-carbon molecule.
30) After glycolysis but before the citric acid cycle,
A) pyruvate is oxidized.
B) a carbon atom is added to pyruvate to make a four-carbon compound.
C) coenzyme A is cleaved off pyruvate.
D) glucose is split, producing two molecules of pyruvate.
31) Which of the following statements regarding the chemical grooming of pyruvate is false?
A) Two molecules of pyruvate are each converted into two-carbon molecules joined to a
coenzyme A molecule.
B) Each pyruvate loses a carbon atom, which is released as CO2.
C) Two pyruvate molecules together contain less chemical energy than was found in the original
glucose molecule.
D) Each pyruvate molecule has a CO2 added and then joins with an NADH.
32) The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the
A) cytoplasm.
B) outer mitochondrial membrane.
C) nucleus.
D) matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane.
33) The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of the following except
A) CO2.
B) pyruvate.
C) ATP.
D) FADH2.
34) The function of coenzyme A in the citric acid cycle is most like
A) a limousine driver dropping off a couple at the school prom.
B) a frog that turns into a prince.
C) a kid jumping up and down on a trampoline.
D) throwing a baited hook into a lake and catching a fish.
35) A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined.
During the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon would first appear in
A) NADH.
B) citrate.
C) oxaloacetate.
D) CO2.
36) At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is
stored in
A) CO2.
B) pyruvate.
C) ATP.
D) NADH.
37) During chemiosmosis,
A) energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes.
B) ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase.
C) a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively
transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion’s intermembrane space.
D) H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor.
38) Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?
A) ATP synthase is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
B) The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a role in the production of pyruvate.
C) Electron carriers are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
D) A gradient of H+ exists across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
39) The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that
A) permits the expansion of mitochondria as oxygen accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix.
B) helps mitochondria divide during times of greatest cellular respiration.
C) increases the space for more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase
complexes.
D) carefully encloses the DNA housed within the mitochondrial matrix.
40) A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial
membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these
mitochondria?
A) oxidative phosphorylation
B) alcoholic fermentation
C) glycolysis
D) biosynthesis
41) If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport
but prior to chemiosmosis, you would find the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest
A) on the outer membrane.
B) on the inner membrane.
C) in the mitochondrial matrix.
D) in the intermembrane space.
42) By-products of cellular respiration include
A) oxygen and heat.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) FADH2 and NADH.
D) NADH and ATP.
43) In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is
A) an oxygen atom.
B) a molecule of carbon dioxide.
C) a molecule of water.
D) ADP.
44) Rotenone is a poison commonly added to insecticides. Rotenone binds tightly with one of the
electron carrier molecules in the electron transport chain, preventing electrons from passing to
the next carrier molecule. Insects exposed to rotenone will die because
A) they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration.
B) high levels of fermentation products will build up in their bodies.
C) they will no longer be able to produce adequate amounts of ATP.
D) they will no longer be able to absorb water and will become dehydrated.
45) As electrons move through the mitochondrial space,
A) NADH is reduced.
B) water is oxidized.
C) ATP synthase works by active transport.
D) the pH of the intermembrane space decreases.
46) Which of the following statements about the energy yield of aerobic respiration is false?
A) Less than 50% of the chemical energy available in glucose is converted to ATP energy.
B) Most of the ATP derived during aerobic respiration results from oxidative phosphorylation.
C) Oxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules.
D) The total yield of ATP molecules per glucose molecule is about 32.
47) The energy yield from the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose does not depend upon
A) whether the NADH produced in glycolysis passes its electrons across the mitochondrial
membrane to NAD+ or FAD.
B) the supply of oxygen.
C) the supply of carbon dioxide.
D) whether some of the energy of the H+ gradient is used for work other than ATP production.
48) Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?
A) aerobic respiration
B) alcoholic fermentation
C) lactic acid fermentation
D) All produce approximately the same amount of ATP per molecule of glucose.