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Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
True / False
1. Family planning, economic opportunities for women, and schooling for girls generally produces a higher birth rate.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Over the last 200 years, death rates have dropped sharply because of improved sanitation and health care and the
development of antibiotics and vaccines to help control infectious diseases.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Urban areas are attracting more and more residents, partly because of the hope for employment.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Human population growth since 1960 has been evenly distributed around the world.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Birth and death rates generally decline as countries develop economically.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Death rates are very high during the preindustrial stage of demographic transitions.
a.
True
b.
False
7. A declining population can threaten the government’s ability to fund pensions and health-care costs for retirees.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Early and modern agriculture has been a major factor in the rapid rise of the human population.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Some analysts believe that because of our technological ingenuity, there are few, if any, limits to human population
growth and resource use per person.
a.
True
b.
False
10. The rate of population growth has slowed since 1960, but the world’s population is still growing.
a.
True
b.
False
Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
11. Women who live in rural areas have a lower total fertility rate than those in urban areas.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Because of the concentration of people, automobiles, business enterprises, and industries in cities, they can never be
sustainable.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Scientist can now predict with precision the environmental limits that will control growth of the human population.
a.
True
b.
False
14. In areas of low infant mortality rates, women tend to have fewer children because fewer of their children die at an
early age.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The availability of, or lack of, private and public pension funds can influence the decision of some couples on how
many children to have.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Family planning has been very successful in India, stabilizing the size of the population.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Car sharing has been tried in Germany, but was not found to be effective or successful.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Urban areas have some environmental advantages.
a.
True
b.
False
19. The United States admits fewer immigrants than most other industrialized nations.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Full-cost pricing reduces automobile use by increasing taxes on property in suburbs.
a.
True
b.
False
Multiple Choice
21. The global population of ____ is projected to triple between 2013 and 2050.
a.
people who are 65 and older
b.
women
c.
men
d.
men who are 15 to 45
e.
people who are 10 and younger
22. If current trends continue, China’s population of 1.36 billion is projected to ____.
a.
double by the end of the century
b.
decline to as low as 750 million by the end of this century
c.
stay at its current level indefinitely
d.
continue increasing rapidly until 2050, but stabilize by the end of this century
e.
stay near its current level until 2050, but increase again after that
23. The change in human population over the last 200 years ____.
a.
has mainly involved regional differences, while the total number has remained constant
b.
has reduced the total population
c.
is sustainable
d.
has followed an S-curve
e.
has followed a J-curve
24. China’s one-child policy ____.
a.
has had no effect on population growth
b.
has not yet been enacted
c.
has been copied by many other countries around the world
d.
has been praised for improving human rights
e.
was created amidst the threat of mass starvation due to rapid population growth
25. Urban sprawl ____.
a.
improves downtown business districts
b.
improves urban air quality
c.
reduces population growth
d.
eliminates agricultural and wild lands around many cities
e.
decreases energy use
26. Cities can be susceptible to flooding because ____.
a.
they are usually built in closed depressions with no outlet for water
b.
buildings and paved surfaces increase runoff and overload storm drains
c.
rainfall is greatly increased over cities
d.
there are more trees to take up water
e.
they are rarely built near rivers that can carry the water away
27. The average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years is the ____.
a.
crude birth rate
b.
total birth rate
Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
c.
total fertility rate
d.
crude fertility rate
e.
population’s natural rate of increase
28. Between the years 1955 and 2013, the total fertility rate in the world ____.
a.
increased from 2.8 to 6.5
b.
decreased from 5.0 to 2.5
c.
decreased from 2.5 to 1.6
d.
increased from 1.6 to 2.5
e.
increased from 2.5 to 2.8
29. Which city in the United States has used strong land-use policies to control its growth and reduce its dependence on
automobiles, and has the nation’s highest percentage of bicycle commuters as a result?
a.
New York
b.
Portland
c.
Milwaukee
d.
Las Vegas
e.
Phoenix
30. To keep human population constant, the global total fertility rate would have to equal ____.
a.
0
b.
0.5
c.
1
d.
2.1
e.
2.9
31. Some analysts consider the United States to be the world’s most overpopulated country because ____.
a.
it has the highest population density of any country
b.
it has the largest population of any country
c.
the rate of resource use per person is so high
d.
of the annual ratio of immigrants to births
e.
the total fertility rate is currently at an all-time high
32. A high infant mortality rate is usually associated with ____.
a.
a high standard of living
b.
undernutrition
c.
obesity
d.
air pollution
e.
affluence
33. The importance of children as a part of the labor force, especially in less-developed countries, ____.
a.
drives down employment among adults
b.
is a result of low birth rates
c.
affects birth rates because many poor couples need many children to help with daily tasks
d.
controls immigration rates
e.
drives up resource use per person
34. One reason birth and fertility rates in more-developed countries tend to be lower is that ____.
a.
infant mortality is higher
b.
the cost of raising and educating children is much higher
c.
pollution has drastically decreased fertility in these countries
d.
all of these countries have restrictions on the number of children a couple can have
e.
marriage is much less common
Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
35. Educational and employment opportunities available for women affect population growth because ____.
a.
infant mortality rates tend to increase
b.
competition in the workforce leaves men less financially secure
c.
emigration increases
d.
total fertility rates tend to be low when women have access to education and paid employment outside the
home
e.
total fertility rates tend to be higher when women have the financial security to have more children
36. Age structure diagrams ____.
a.
show only two age groups: reproductive and not reproductive
b.
show the number of males and females in the reproductive age categories only
c.
are strictly for present use and do not provide insight into future trends
d.
are useful for studying developing countries but not developed countries
e.
are useful for predicting population momentum
37. Rapidly growing countries have an age structure that ____.
a.
forms an inverted pyramid
b.
has a broad-based pyramid
c.
shows little variation in population by age
d.
has a narrow pyramid
e.
has a relatively large postreproductive population
Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
38. Which of the following implies the greatest built-in momentum for population growth?
a.
a large population size
b.
a large number of people age 29 to 44
c.
a large number of people under age 34
d.
a large number of people under age 15
e.
a large number of people over the age of 45
39. The term demographic transition refers to ____.
a.
a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable
b.
the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity
c.
the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates when a country becomes industrialized
d.
the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred when the germ theory of disease
was discovered
e.
a stabilization of crude birth rates
40. The demographic transition model helps to explain why ____.
a.
death rates rise in industrializing nations
b.
industrialization leads to population growth
c.
development requires large populations
d.
birth rates fall before death rates
e.
death rates fall before birth rates
41. Women possess ____ of the world's land.
a.
2%
b.
13%
c.
35%
d.
52%
e.
76%
42. Women receive about ____ of the world's income.
a.
1%
b.
10%
c.
25%
d.
50%
e.
75%
43. One of the cultural preferences driving couples to continue having children in India is ____.
a.
the preference for female children
b.
the desire to have both male and female children
c.
the preference for male children
d.
a child benefit paid by the government
e.
a prohibition against birth control methods
44. The population of ____ is projected to drop 24% by 2050.
a.
Japan
b.
the United States
c.
China
d.
India
e.
Uganda
45. Urban sprawl is partly the product of ____.
a.
the desire of many city-dwellers to reconnect with nature
b.
uneven taxation
c.
the high cost of open land
d.
public transportation
e.
federal and state funding of highways and inadequate urban planning
46. Between 1850 and 2013, the global urban revolution resulted in urban population increasing from ____.
a.
2% to 52%
b.
7% to 22%
c.
14% to 33%
d.
15% to 92%
e.
45% to 95%
47. Central-city dwellers ____.
a.
use more energy to heat and cool buildings than people elsewhere
b.
tend to drive less and rely more on public transportation
c.
have less access to family planning than people living in rural areas
d.
suffer higher infant mortality than rural populations
e.
tend to lack access to education
48. Areas on the outskirts of cities where people build shacks from corrugated metal, plastic sheets, scrap wood, and other
scavenged building materials are called ____.
a.
urban islands
b.
tenements
c.
suburbs
d.
shantytowns
e.
exurbs
49. Pollutant levels in cities are ____.
a.
the same as in rural areas because of atmospheric mixing
b.
generally lower than in suburbs
c.
generally higher than in rural areas
d.
rapidly increasing all around the world
e.
rapidly decreasing all around the world
50. Since 1980, the U.S. population has ____.
a.
shifted to the north and east
b.
shifted to the north and west
c.
shifted to the south and east
d.
shifted to the south and west
e.
shifted to the north as people seek cooler areas because of global warming
51. Which of the following is an advantage of motor vehicles?
a.
Motor vehicles reduce traffic congestion in cities.
b.
Motor vehicles reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
c.
Motor vehicles produce very little pollution.
d.
Motor vehicle accidents are common.
e.
Motor vehicles are responsible for much of the world’s economy in terms of production and related services.
52. Urban populations occupy only about 3% of the earth's land area, but they consume ____ of its resources.
a.
10%
b.
20%
