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Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
c.
45%
d.
55%
e.
75%
53. Proponents of high gasoline taxes urge governments to help finance mass transit systems. Currently, most of the
revenue from gasoline taxes in the United States is used ____.
a.
for social programs
b.
to fund more efficient motor vehicles
c.
to ease the tax burden on the poor
d.
to reduce the price of motor vehicles
e.
for building and improving highways for motor vehicles
54. "Fecal snow" can blanket parts of ____.
a.
Sao Paulo
b.
Mexico City
c.
Calcutta
d.
Rio de Janeiro
e.
Bombay
55. Some governments have addressed the problems associated with slums and squatter settlements by granting legal titles
to the land because ____.
a.
they are forced to by protests and riots
b.
residents can use the title to get loans
c.
poor people usually improve their living conditions once they know they have a permanent place to live
d.
property taxes then provide enough funds to extend services into these areas
e.
this absolves the government of any obligation to assist the residents
56. Car-sharing networks work by ____.
a.
providing vehicles that members can reserve for use
b.
connecting people who want to purchase a car as a group and share it
c.
connecting people who could ride together to get to work
d.
enabling people to rent out their vehicles when they are not using them
e.
helping small groups of people invest in new taxi services
57. One disadvantage of bicycle use in cities is that it ____.
a.
results in lost revenues for the city
b.
can add to traffic, noise, and pollution
c.
commits riders to transportation schedules
d.
provides little protection in an accident
e.
is expensive to build and maintain the system
58. One an advantage of buses in cities is that they ____.
a.
cost-effective only in densely populated areas
b.
are quiet and nonpolluting
c.
burn no fossil fuels
d.
uses less land than roads and parking lots use
e.
can be rerouted as needed
59. Which of the following takes the fewest resources to manufacture?
Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
a.
rapid rail
b.
mass transit rail
c.
buses
d.
cars
e.
bicycles
60. In 1969, planners in which Brazilian city decided to focus on an inexpensive and efficient mass-transit system rather
than on the car?
a.
Rio de Janeiro
b.
Curitiba
c.
Porto Alegre
d.
Salvador
e.
Natal
61. The population of a country will decline if its age structure diagram ____.
a.
is widest in the middle
b.
does not change in width until the very top
c.
is shaped like a skinny pyramid
d.
is shaped like a broad-based pyramid
e.
is wider at the top than at the bottom
62. Smart growth tools include greenbelts around cities, promoting mixed use of housing and small businesses, and ____.
a.
extensive freeway networks to provide efficient travel to and from work
b.
concentrating development away from mass transportation routes
c.
taxing land instead of buildings
d.
avoiding the construction of expensive mass transit systems
e.
leaving abandoned urban sites as they are
Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
63. An eco-city is ____.
a.
car-oriented
b.
industry-oriented
c.
profit-oriented
d.
people-oriented
e.
family-oriented
64. In an eco-city, plants are utilized to provide shade and beauty. Typically, the plants are ____.
a.
always fast-growing, broadleaf plants
b.
adapted to local climate and soils
c.
adapted so they do not use much water
d.
resistant to pests
e.
always endemic plants
65. Most cities do not benefit from the free ecosystem services provided by ____, including air purification, generation of
oxygen, removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide, control of soil erosion, and the provision of habitat for wildlife.
a.
meat production
b.
the ocean
c.
rainforests in the tropics
d.
bacteria
e.
vegetation
Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
Matching
Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
Figure 6.7
DIFFICULTY:
BLOOM’S: Understand
REFERENCES:
6.3 How Does a Population's Age Structure Affect Its Growth or Decline?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
ENVS.MLSP.16.6.3 - Specify how a population's age structure affects its growth or decline.
66. On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram with similar numbers of males and females in
the prereproductive as in the reproductive age.
67. On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram with demographic momentum.
68. On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram that represents a population that is increasing
slowly.
69. On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram that shows a declining population.
Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
Figure 6.10
DIFFICULTY:
BLOOM’S: Understand
REFERENCES:
6.4 What Are Some Ways to Slow Human Population Growth?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
ENVS.MLSP.16.6.4.1 - Illustrate the four stages of the demographic transition by plotting a
graph depicting the birth rate, death rate, and total population over time.
70. On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which population growth continues but at
a slower and rate.
71. On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage that has a high birth rate and a high death
rate.
72. On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which most countries experience zero
growth rate.
73. On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which death rates decrease and birth rates
are high.
Completion
74. ____________________ refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities
and the suburbs of cities.
75. The period of high birth rates in the United States between 1946 and 1964 is known as the ____________________.
76. ____________________ is the average number of years a person born in the year of the estimate can be expected to
live.
77. Human populations grow or decline in particular countries, cities, or other areas through the interplay of three factors:
births, ____________________, and migration.
78. The movement of people into and out of specific geographic areas is called ____________________.
Chapter 06 - The Human Population and Urbanization
79. People who have to leave their homes and sometimes their countries because of water or food shortages, soil erosion,
or some other form of environmental degradation or depletion are called ____________________.
80. ____________________ involves the provision of education and clinical services that can help couples to choose how
many children to have and when to have them.
81. The growth of low-density development on the edges of cities and towns is called ____________________.
82. Unwanted, disturbing, or harmful sound that damages, impairs, or interferes with hearing, causes stress, hampers
concentration and work efficiency, or causes accidents is called ____________________.
83. Residents of dispersed cities that grow outward often rely on motor vehicles for most of their transportation, but
residents of compact cities that grow ____________________ get around by walking, biking, or using mass transit.
84. ____________________ is a set of policies and tools that allow and encourage more environmentally sustainable
urban development with less dependence on cars.
85. When births plus immigration exceed deaths plus emigration, a population _________________________.
86. One view of population growth proposes that____________________ advances have allowed humans to avoid the
pressure of environmental limits that all populations of other species face.
87. A city that allows people to choose walking, biking, or mass transit for most transportation needs; to recycle or reuse
most of their wastes; to grow much of their food; and to protect biodiversity by preserving surrounding land is called a(n)
____________________.
88. China’s family planning and birth control program was instituted because of a serious threat of
____________________.
89. Analysts vary as to their opinion of which factor is the more serious threat to the earth’s life support systems:
____________________ or ____________________.
90. The global population of seniors —people who are 65 and older —is projected to triple between 2013 and 2050, when
one of every ____________________ individuals is a senior.
91. As countries become more industrialized and economically developed, their populations tend to grow more
____________________ (slowly/quickly).
92. Most ____________________ areas are unsustainable systems.
93. Can the city you now live in become an eco-city? Name four things your city could do to begin a transition to eco-city
status. Hint: Think of the processes now in place in Curitiba, Brazil.
94. Explain this statement: The world's population growth has slowed, but the world's population is still growing. Include
a comment about where the slowing has occurred.
95. Explain why the availability (or lack) of private and public pension systems can influence the number of children
some couples have, especially the poor in less-developed countries.
96. Explain why empowerment of women tends to slow population growth.
97. Briefly discuss the baby boomers and their effect on our population profile.
98. Explain the term demographic momentum and provide a real-life example.
99. Explain how a city affects local climate conditions.
100. Explain how demographic transition changes a country’s population growth rate over time.
101. Give two reasons why larger families are still common in India, despite access to modern birth control methods.
102. Give one reason why taxing gasoline heavily would be difficult in the United States.
