1. Prisons in the U.S. cost taxpayers _____ annually.
a.
$500 million
b.
$40 billion
c.
$10 billion
d.
$ 750 million
2. A current movement that believes the purpose of corrections is to punish offenders as severely as possible is:
a.
penal harm.
b.
prison segregation.
c.
retaliation.
d.
guaranteed deterrence.
3. One classic study by Donald Clemmers indicates numerous __________ between prisons and the larger
society.
a.
differences
b.
exaggerations
c.
disturbances
d.
parallels
4. Currently, the federal system of prisons holds about ____percent of the 1,600,000 prisoners.
a.
25
b.
30
c.
12
d.
6
5. Males make up more than ____percent of sentenced prisoners.
a.
70
b.
90
c.
80
d.
75
6. Violent offenders make up more than ___percent of all inmates in state prisons.
a.
70
b.
50
c.
80
d.
90
7. The Federal Bureau of Prisons was established in:
a.
1965.
b.
1940.
c.
1970.
d.
1930.
8. The gold standard for inmate vocational programs is:
a.
UNICOR.
b.
BOP.
c.
TASC.
d.
GEO.
9. What is a criticism of Federal Prison Industries?
a.
The equipment is not up-to-date.
b.
It only employs 10 percent of eligible inmates.
c.
It pays less than most state prison industries.
d.
It exploits inmates by the wages they pay.
10. Federal penitentiaries have serious problems with:
a.
sexual exploitation.
b.
inmate defiance.
c.
drug trafficking.
d.
all of these.
11. Nearly _____ correctional institutions have been accredited or are in the process of accreditation.
a.
100
b.
500
c.
1,000
d.
1,500
12. The contract labor and convict lease systems were precursors of:
a.
chain gangs.
b.
private prisons.
c.
prison industries.
d.
prison riots.
13. Which private company houses the most inmates?
a.
Corrections Corporation of America
b.
Emerald Corrections
c.
GEO Group Inc.
d.
LCS Correctional Services
14. Research on private prisons indicates ________ differences with public-funded institutions.
a.
few
b.
numerous
c.
only cost
d.
only recidivism rate
15. A major legal issue is whether private corrections officers have less ________ than state employees.
a.
authority
b.
responsibility
c.
immunity
d.
income
16. Which case decided that private prison corporations are shielded from lawsuits brought under the federal
civil rights statute?
a.
Richardson v. McKnight
b.
Correction Services Corp. v. Malesko
c.
Madrid v. Gomez
d.
Hudson v. Palmer
17. Which case decided that correctional officers employed by a private firm are not entitled to a qualified
immunity from suit by prisoners who are charging a section 1983 violation?
a.
Richardson v. McKnight
b.
Correction Services Corp. v. Malesko
c.
Madrid v. Gomez
d.
Hudson v. Palmer
18. When did supermax prisons begin to emerge throughout the country?
a.
1930s
b.
1960s
c.
1990s
d.
2010s
19. Which type of prison has relaxed perimeter security, sometimes without fences or other means of external
security?
a.
minimum security prison
b.
medium security prison
c.
maximum security prison
d.
supermax security prison
20. A prison with a zonal security system to control inmate movement is a:
a.
minimum security prison.
b.
maximum security prison.
c.
supermax security prison.
d.
medium security prison.
21. A prison that usually has double fences and watchtowers with armed guards is a:
a.
minimum security prison.
b.
maximum security prison.
c.
medium security prison.
d.
supermax security prison.
22. Isolation is also known as:
a.
the silent system.
b.
ignoring the convicts.
c.
segregation.
d.
a training program.
23. A supermax prison is also known as:
a.
intensive management unit.
b.
extended control unit.
c.
security housing unit.
d.
all of these choices.
24. Which unit houses inmates who are acknowledged as posing a threat to the general population?
a.
administrative detention
b.
administrative isolation
c.
disciplinary detention
d.
disciplinary segregation
25. An “integrated yard” policy, such that utilized by the Cocorcan State Prison in California, was:
a.
bringing together rival groups to fight.
b.
allowing all races the use of the yard.
c.
a windowless bunker.
d.
a place where guards beat prisoners.
26. In the 19th century, Jeremy Bentham introduced the ________ prison design.
a.
radial
b.
circular
c.
courtyard
d.
telephone pole
27. A wheel-shaped prison design is a _______ one.
a.
circular
b.
telephone pole
c.
radial
d.
campus style
28. Maximum security prisons are usually built using the ________ design.
a.
telephone pole
b.
radial
c.
circular
d.
courtyard
29. In newer prisons, the _______ design includes small housing units.
a.
dormitory
b.
courtyard
c.
radial
d.
telephone pole
30. An open prison design that allows some freedom of movement is the______ one.
a.
radial
b.
circular
c.
campus style
d.
courtyard style
31. A form of new prison technology is:
a.
ground-penetrating radar.
b.
transmitter wristbands.
c.
biometric recognition.
d.
all of these choices.
32. Who among the correctional administration holds the responsibility of developing new training programs and making
changes in job assignments when necessary?
a.
warden
b.
case manager
c.
correctional line manager
d.
human resources
33. A good correctional administrator must encompass the establishment of:
a.
policy.
b.
planning.
c.
responses to civil suits.
d.
all of these choices.
34. An approach to prison management that is focused on anticipating problems before they occur is a:
a.
proactive warden.
b.
convict leader.
c.
new technology device.
d.
prison design.
Nathan and Thomas were both just convicted of felonies and sentenced to prison. Nathan was convicted
of attempted murder. Thomas was convicted of stealing multiple vehicles. Both offenders have juvenile
records, but this is their first conviction in adult court. Nathan is being sent to a state institution. Thomas
is being sent to a private prison in the state.
35. Nathan’s crime of attempted murder is classified as a violent crime. What percentage of state inmates are
violent offenders?
a.
8 percent
b.
17 percent
c.
35 percent
d.
53 percent
36. Thomas’s crime of motor vehicle theft is classified as a property crime. What percentage of state inmates are
property offenders?
a.
8 percent
b.
18 percent
c.
35 percent
d.
52 percent
37. If Thomas fits the demographic of being more likely to be sentenced for a property offense, what
race/ethnicity is he?
a.
African American
b.
Hispanic
c.
Native American
d.
white
38. The state utilizes private prisons for inmates classified as nonviolent offenders. The argument behind this
approach is that private prisons are more cost-effective than state-run prisons. What does the current research
say about the cost-effectiveness of private prisons in comparison to state prisons?
a.
Evaluation studies have been inconclusive.
b.
Evaluation studies show that private prisons can do the same job as a public
prison for half the cost.
c.
Evaluation studies show that private prisons can do the same job as a public
prison for one-fourth the cost.
d.
Evaluation studies show that public prisons can do the same job as a private
prison for half the cost.
39. While incarcerated, Thomas files a lawsuit against the private prison corporation, charging a 1983 violation.
He also files a lawsuit against the officer that he alleges used excessive force and violence. What case held that
correctional officers employed by a private firm are not entitled to a qualified immunity from suit by prisoners
charging a section 1983 violation?
a.
Richardson v. McKnight
b.
Correction Services Corp. v. Malesko
c.
Madrid v. Gomez
d.
Hudson v. Palmer
Bob has been incarcerated for 16 years. He is serving a 20-year sentence for armed robbery. During his
16 years in prison he has been housed in seven different facilities around the state.
40. Currently, Bob is being held in a facility with double fencing, guarded towers, and zonal security systems to
control inmate movement within the institution. Here, it is expected that he participate in industrial and
education programs. What type of facility is Bob currently being housed in?
a.
minimum
b.
medium
c.
maximum
d.
supermax
41. Ten years ago, Bob got into trouble often with the officers for not following the rules of the institution and
for getting into fights with other inmates. At this institution, he was sent to a punishment unit in which inmates
are separated from one another and are fed in their cells. Which type of facility was Bob housed in where they
had this segregation?
a.
minimum
b.
medium
c.
maximum
d.
supermax
42. During his 16 years in prison, Bob encountered many inmates. Ten years ago, another inmate stabbed Bob
and a correctional officer after Bob would not give him his food. This inmate was sent to the most secure
institution in the state, where inmates are typically on 23-hour lock-down. In this prison, the cells are angled so
that prisoners can see neither each other nor the outside scenery. Which type of prison was this inmate sent to?
a.
minimum
b.
medium
c.
maximum
d.
supermax
43. If Bob continues to behave, he will be eligible for release in 1 year. He has requested a transfer to a prison
closer to his hometown that has a relaxed perimeter security. Here, he will have more freedom and be permitted
to work outside jobs. Which type of facility is Bob requesting to be transferred to?
a.
minimum
b.
medium
c.
maximum
d.
supermax
44. One of the institutions where Bob spent 5 years had long central corridors. This design made it possible to
house prisoners by classification levels. What architectural design was this prison?
a.
radial
b.
telephone-pole
c.
courtyard
d.
campus style
45. Contemporary prisons provide good jobs for local communities.
a.
True
b.
False
46. Most former prisoners are not likely to recidivate.
a.
True
b.
False
47. The crime rate has increased and the number of people in prison has declined.
a.
True
b.
False
48. The rate of incarceration has increased for white women and declined for African American women.
a.
True
b.
False
49. The Federal Bureau of Prisons accepts hard-to-control inmates from state prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
50. Federal prisons do not have the same problem with overcrowding as state prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
51. Every state has its own department of corrections.
a.
True
b.
False
52. State correctional institutions have improved over the years, mostly due to training, research, and evaluation.
a.
True
b.
False
53. State departments of corrections have underdeveloped programming, insufficient prison industries for
inmates, and lack of resources for anything other than prison construction.
a.
True
b.
False
54. There is only one private corporation managing and operating prisons and jails that guarantees a monopoly.
a.
True
b.
False
55. Privately operated facilities are generally located in the northeast region of the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
56. Some research does exist that inmates released from private prisons who do reoffend commit less serious
offenses than those released from public institutions.
a.
True
b.
False
57. Two companies operate more than half of the contracts of private correctional facilities: the Corrections Corporation
of America and the GEO Group Inc.
a.
True
b.
False
58. In comparison to male prisons, female prisons are much larger.
a.
True
b.
False
59. The rackets are much less developed in women’s prisons; drugs, for example, are found much less in women’s prisons
compared to male prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
60. In medium-security prisons, the emphasis is on controlled access to programs.
a.
True
b.
False
61. Inmates usually have less than a year before release when they are moved to minimum security facilities.
a.
True
b.
False
62. More than 40 states have either built supermax prisons or added high-security units to existing facilities in order to
contain problem prisoners.
a.
True
b.
False
63. In most maximum security prisons, there is a punishment unit for inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
64. Administrators uniformly agree that supermax prisons improve systemwide prison safety, order, and control, as well
as contribute to many positive unintended effects.
a.
True
b.
False
65. There are two prison architectural designs: radial and telephone pole.
a.
True
b.
False
66. Radial designs and courtyard designs are primarily the same thing and are used for the construction of supermax
prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
67. Planning, monitoring, staff development and fiscal management are some of the responsibilities of wardens
or superintendants.
a.
True
b.
False
68. More than____________________ of all inmates will return to prison within 6 years of their release.
69. Prisons cost taxpayers about $ ____________________billion a year.
70. ____________________is a current movement that believes that the purpose of corrections is to punish
offenders as severely as possible.
71. ____________________offenders make up more than 50 percent of all sentenced inmates, while property
offenders make up approximately ______percent of all sentenced inmates.
72. Federal Prison Industries, or____________________ is the gold standard for inmate vocational programs.
73. The ____________________________ operates facilities with 75,000 inmates in 61 correctional
institutions.
74. In a study comparing private prisons with BOP prisons, the private prisons had ____________________
rates of most kinds of inmate misconduct.
75. In _____________________________, the Supreme Court held that correctional officers employed by a
private firm are not entitled to a qualified immunity from suit by prisoners charging a 1983 violation.
76. _____________________ is a punishment unit in which inmates are separated from other inmates and are
fed in their cells.
77. The highest level of incarceration is in the ____________________ prison.
78. In the case of ____________________, excessive and unnecessary force and abuse were cited as
commonplace in the special housing unit at Pelican Bay in California.
79. The ___________________________prison design is most widely used for maximum security prisons in the
United States.
80. The _____________________ design is used for minimum security and a few medium security prisons, utilizes an
open design that allows some freedom of movement.
81. New prison ____________________provides savings in staffing costs and operations.
82. Wardens who anticipate and prevent problems before they take place are known as
____________________wardens.
83. What are the functions of contemporary prisons?
84. Discuss the desert/incapacitation philosophy of today.
85. Why does the Federal Bureau of Prisons appear to be more successful in its mission than state-operated
prisons?
86. How do private prisons compare with state-run facilities in terms of cost-effectiveness, recidivism, and
institutional operations?
87. Discuss the legal issues surrounding private corrections and the rulings of Richardson v. McKnight and
Correctional Services Corp. v. Malesko.
88. Describe minimum, medium, and maximum security prisons.
89. What are the advantages and disadvantages of supermax prisons?
90. Discuss the four architectural designs most widely used in American prisons today.
91. Describe the importance of establishing policy and providing adequate planning as a warden.
92. Discuss how proactive wardens are different from other wardens.