1. The dose-dependent effect of the early anxiolytic/hypnotic drugs means they could produce __________ in the
user.
a. sedation
b. sleep
c. death
d. all of these
2. BromidesaltsarenolongeravailableintheUnitedStates.​
a. True
b. False
3. Barbiturates are used as part of the lethal injection for the death penalty.​
a. True
b. False
4. When barbiturate molecules are circulated throughout the body, the highest concentrations are found in the
a. kidney.
b. liver.
c. brain.
d. liver and brain.
5. The use of barbiturates is discouraged because of
a. their narrow therapeutic window.
b. their inefficacy as a sedative or a hypnotic drug.
c. their high lethality in overdose situations.
d. their narrow therapeutic window and high lethality in overdose situations.
6. Jorge has just discontinued use of barbiturates that he was using regularly to help him sleep. He is likely to
experience
a. deeper sleep than ever before.
b. REM rebound.
c. a lack of dreams during his sleep.
d. decreased anxiety.
7. Individualswithproblemswiththeir________areespeciallyatriskofexperiencing“barbituratehangovers.”
a. liver
b. kidney
c. heart
d. lungs
8. Barbiturates are helpful to people with ADHD.
a. True
b. False
9. Barbiturates should not be mixed with
a. alcohol.
b. MAO inhibitors.
c. antihistamines.
d. all of these answers.
10. When an individual overdoses on a barbiturate, they will most likely experience
a. a stroke.
b. respiratory depression.
c. a manic episode.
d. a seizure.
11. Barbiturate withdrawal is potentially life threatening.
a. True
b. False
12. Which of the following statements is most accurate of the anxiety disorders?
a. They are collectively the most common form of psychiatric diagnosis.
b. They are the third most common form of psychiatric diagnosis after depression and psychotic disorders.
c. Theyhavenorelationshiptothesufferers’lifestyles.
d. They are always reflected in obsessive-compulsive disorders.
13. Each year in the U.S., approximately __________ of the population will experience at least transitory symptoms of
insomnia.
a. 33 percent
b. 10 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 25 percent
14. According to your text, chloral hydrate is technically
a. a natural cannabinoid.
b. a prodrug.
c. safe to use in persons with gastric disorders.
d. relatively nonaddictive.
15. Which of the following is one of the major disadvantages of paraldehyde?
a. Cardio-suppressant effects
b. Noxious taste and odor on breath
c. Stainingpropertiesontheuser’steeth
d. Addictive effects (about half those of) alcohol
16. The bromide salts were initially introduced as
a. a treatment for insomnia, and later, when it was discovered they also have anti-seizure effects, as an
anticonvulsant.
b. a treatment for seizures, and later, when it was discovered they help calm the user, as a treatment for anxiety.
c. a treatment for gastric distress caused by impure water, until it was discovered they had anti-seizure effects.
d. a method of self-discovery by Elizabethan drug abusers.
17. When used at higher than recommended doses, diphenhydramine can induce a state of
a. impaired hearing.
b. tardive dyskenisia.
c. delirium.
d. anemia.
18. Barbituric acid has been found to be
a. a potent hallucinogenic.
b. twice as strong as diazepam as an anxiolytic compound.
c. difficult to digest when consumed with foods that are highly acidic.
d. biologically inactive.
19. At the height of their popularity
a. more than one million pounds of barbiturate compounds were manufactured in the United States each year.
b. more than one million pounds of barbiturate compounds were manufactured globally.
c. barbiturates were only a laboratory curiosity for chemists, without medical application.
d. barbiturates were never rejected as an agent for lethal injection.
20. Which of the following statements is most true?
a. Barbiturates continue to be a relatively popular drug of abuse.
b. Some physicians are now starting to prescribe barbiturates to avoid the paperwork associated with the
prescription of other controlled compounds.
c. Barbituratesarefrequentlyabusedbyprofessionalfootballplayersforthedrug’sabilitytocontrolthestress
that they experience in major games.
d. Barbituratesareaminoringredientof“energydrinks”tocounteracttheeffectsofthecaffeinethataretheir
main component.
21. According to your text, the barbiturates
a. have a very limited role in modern medicine.
b. typically exacerbate seizure disorders in patients predisposed to such conditions.
c. are not contraindicated for commercial or civilian pilots.
d. are the drug of choice for the aggressive treatment of GABA/NMDA inhibition disorders.
22. Following medical convention, your text groups the barbiturates together on the basis of their
a. degree of NMDA antagonistic action.
b. ability to force the GABAa ion channel to remain open.
c. ability to enhance the effects of GABAa at the receptor site.
d. duration of effect.
23. A(n) _______________ is occasionally encountered after a patient takes a barbiturate, even at recommended
doses.
a. increase in heart rate to possibly dangerous levels
b. paradoxical increase in theta wave activity on the EEG while the patient is awake
c. increase in respiration to possibly fatal levels
d. paradoxical rage reaction
24. Barbiturates can _____________ when used as a hypnotic.
a. cause a paradoxical increase in theta wave activity on the EEG while the patient is asleep
b. causeanincreasein“spindles”and“spikes”seenontheEEGduringStageIIsleep
c. help the user pass from Stage I to Stage II sleep more easily
d. interfere with normal REM sleep
25. Barbiturates can
a. induce an amphetamine-like state of mania.
b. induce respiration arrest at high dosage levels.
c. increase respiration to the point at which it triggers an anxiety attack in persons with ADHD.
d. not induce tolerance.
26. Discusssomeoftheearlytreatmentsforanxietyandinsomnia.​
27. Compare and contrast the different classifications of barbiturates.
28. Whatarethesubjectiveeffectsofbarbituratesatnormaldosagelevels?​
29. Whataresomeofthepotentialdruginteractionsinvolvingbarbiturates?​
30. Describesomeofthebarbituratelikedrugsthathavedevelopedsincethe1950s.​Whyweretheydeveloped?