40. A lingua franca refers to:
a. the French language.
b. a common language.
c. a world-wide language understood by most people in the world.
d. a language with no form of nonverbal communication.
e. an artificial language that is spoken by no one (a kind of techno-speak).
41. Some types of social networking have been banned in certain countries. Facebook, for example, has been banned in
each of the following countries EXCEPT:
a. Pakistan.
b. Iran.
c. Vietnam.
d. People’s Republic of China.
e. Sweden.
42. Why have some countries banned social networking sites?
a. They have been banned for both political and religious reasons.
b. They have been banned for economic reasons.
c. They have been banned because the Internet there is not sufficiently developed to handle social networking.
d. They have been banned because they force all users to speak and write in English.
e. They have not been technically banned, but they are discouraged because they are very costly.
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
43. Nonverbal communication includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. hand gestures and touching.
b. communication on a telephone.
c. use of scents and perfumes.
d. conversational distance
e. eye contact.
44. The way people hold their bodies often communicates information about all of the following EXCEPT:
a. emotional states.
b. submissiveness or dominance.
c. sexual intentions.
d. bilingualism.
e. relaxation and intimacy.
45. Cell phone technology now enables us to do all of the following EXCEPT:
a. send deceptive or false messages.
b. pretend to be somewhere other than where we are.
c. pretend that we need to leave a particular meeting.
d. create new forms of shorthand language to communicate.
e. understand greater amounts of nonverbal communication.
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
46. Which of the following statements about text messaging is FALSE?
a. It allows you to communicate without divulging your emotions.
b. Chinese send text messages more frequently than Americans.
c. Text messaging encourages brevity and blandness.
d. Teens in the United States predominately use text messaging to communicate with their parents.
e. Text messaging creates a generational divide in the United States.
47. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the new communications technology of the 21st century?
a. There are space limitations that will ultimately restrain the development of new technologies.
b. New technology has exploded in the last several decades.
c. Networking websites such as Facebook, cell phones, and blogs are changing many aspects of the social
structure.
d. Cellphonesarenowusedforsending“disinformation.”
e. Cell phones are used to avoid social contact in some areas.
48. Which body posture has been used as a way of identifying illegal immigrants from Mexico?
a. Sitting
b. Squatting
c. Standing
d. Lying down
e. Bowing
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
49. What percent of all messages sent and received is believed to be nonverbal?
a. 100%
b. 80%
c. 70%
d. 50%
e. 25%
50. Which of the following is classified as a “low-touch” culture?
a. French
b. Jewish
c. German
d. Saudi Arabian
e. Egyptian
51. Displacement is a unique attribute of human language.
a. True
b. False
52. Ninetyfivepercentoftheworld’speoplespeakfewerthan100oftheworld’s7,000languages.
a. True
b. False
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
53. Noam Chomsky argues that humans have a genetic specialty for language.
a. True
b. False
54. A major limitation to the development of language among gorillas and chimps is physical because they do not possess
the vocal equipment for speech.
a. True
b. False
55. Syntax is the set of principles guiding how words are arranged into phrases and sentences.
a. True
b. False
56. The English language has a total of 40 phonemes.
a. True
b. False
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
57. A protolanguage is an ancestral language.
a. True
b. False
58. The study of the relationship between language and culture is called cultural emphasis.
a. True
b. False
59. The Nuer have a cultural emphasis on pigs and pig-rearing.
a. True
b. False
60. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis argues that language is more than just communication.
a. True
b. False
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
61. The Apache of Arizona use silence as a way of communicating with strangers.
a. True
b. False
62. The Japanese do not use silence as a way of communicating.
a. True
b. False
63. “Spanglish”isaformofcodeswitching.
a. True
b. False
64. The incidence of dialects is increasing in the U.S. today.
a. True
b. False
65. Quebec has broken away from Canada and formed a new country because of linguistic differences.
a. True
b. False
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
66. Nonverbal communication can aid in interpreting linguistic messages but cannot carry messages of its own.
a. True
b. False
67. Researchers estimate that as much as 70% of all messages sent and received by humans are nonverbal in form.
a. True
b. False
68. Bowing in Japan signals both the beginning and end of a conversation.
a. True
b. False
69. The new information technology has altered human communication.
a. True
b. False
70. Cell phones became widely used in the mid-1980s.
a. True
b. False
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
71. What is displacement?
72. What are the three unique attributes of human language?
73. Name and describe the two particular aspects of structure that pertain to all human languages.
74. How is a bound morpheme different from a free morpheme?
75. Define a language family.
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
76. On what aspect of language do sociolinguists concentrate?
77. What is diglossia?
78. What are three forms of nonverbal communication?
79. Compare and contrast synchronic and diachronic analyses.
80. What are some of the technology forms that have had the greatest impact on human communication in the 21st
century?
81. How is language different from non-human ways of communicating? How is language symbolic?
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
82. Describehowaculture’svaluesarereflectedinitslanguage.Bespecific.
83. How does vocabulary relate to cultural adaptations? When are precise vocabularies needed?
84. In some areas of the world, such as Hawaii, there is a linguistic revitalization in process. How would linguistic
changes such as these affect the process of globalization? Use examples with your opinions.
85. What is meant by the phrase linguistic style? Provide an example.
86. What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? How is it supported and how is it contradicted?
87. What is sociolinguistics? Give some examples of linguistic situations from your own life that would be of interest to a
sociolinguist.
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication
88. In what ways has the development of technology over the past two decades changed the way that people in the
United States communicate?
89. What is linguistic nationalism? Should the United States encourage the use of minority languages? Why or why not?
90. Technology basically presents us with an unlimited possibility of communication. How do you think new technological
systems improve and also disrupt the basic human form of communication? Consider verbal and nonverbal
communication.
Chapter6—LanguageandCommunication