1
Late Ice Age cave art shows that humans melded the living and spiritual worlds at least
(A)
3,000 years ago.
(B)
30,000 years ago.
(C)
300,000 years ago.
(D)
3 million years ago.
2
The study of ancient astronomical observances using archaeological methods is called
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The answer is astroarchaeology.
3
The Pueblo towers at Hovenweep, Colorado, served as
(A)
observatories.
(B)
sacrifice sites.
(C)
marketplaces.
(D)
shelters for shamans.
The answer is observatories.
4
Stonehenge reflects the distinctive idea of time that revolved around
(A)
the agricultural seasons.
(B)
the movement of the sun, moon, and stars.
(C)
solar and lunar eclipses.
(D)
the cycle of birth and death in a lifetime.
The answer is the movement of the sun, moon, and stars.
5
The Chaco Phenomenon dates to
(A)
2050 B.C.
(B)
A.D. 1550
(C)
A.D. 1050
The answer is 30,000 years ago.
(D)
1050 B.C.
6
More than 60 road segments have been discovered in Chaco Canyon, many of which lead to
(A)
burial mounds.
(B)
Pueblo Alto.
(C)
nowhere.
(D)
Chetro Ketl.
Feedback:
The answer is nowhere.
7
Ethnographic analogy is important in studying ancient rock art because of insightful
archaeological research conducted
(A)
among the San of southern Africa.
(B)
at Chetro Ketl in Chaco Canyon.
(C)
in the Moche state on the north coast of Peru.
(D)
on Shang oracle bones in northern China.
Feedback:
The answer is among the San of southern Africa.
8
Name the five most common elements in early human cosmology. What commonalities, if
any, do early religions share with modern religions?
Answer:
9
Discuss the actions of Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés in the Aztec capital
Tenochtitlán. What do you think about what he did? Would you feel differently if Cortés had
taken similar actions in a modern-day sacred site?
Answer:
10
Discuss the evidence that exists to indicate ancient peoples worshipped an Earth Mother.
What evidence exists to indicate otherwise? Which evidence do you believe is most
compelling, and why?
Answer:
11
Explain why deciphering Maya glyphs was an important scientific accomplishment. Why
was a team needed to undertake this work?
Answer:
12
Astroarchaeologist Anthony Aveni believes that the ceremonial site at Cahokia, Illinois, was
used by ancient rulers to
Feedback:
The answer is A.D. 1050.
(A)
schedule yearly rituals that mark the cycles of the agricultural year.
(B)
determine the positions of the moon and stars.
(C)
undertake ritualistic self-mutilation and blood-letting.
(D)
invest shamans and other spiritual leaders with authority.
13
In Christianity, the rose is a symbol of
(A)
the soul.
(B)
the Virgin Mary.
(C)
eternity.
(D)
the Sun.
The answer is the Virgin Mary.
14
Archaeologists believe today that much of Maya art was created to
(A)
legitimize rulers.
(B)
record history.
(C)
decorate sacred sites.
(D)
demonstrate wealth.
The answer is legitimize rulers.
15
Many Ancient religions share a common symbolism for the living and spiritual worlds
(A)
being separated by primordial waters.
(B)
being joined at an axis of the world.
(C)
having multiple boundaries.
(D)
being held together by ancestors.
The answer is being joined at an axis of the world.
16
Ancient religions believed that individuals with supernatural powers, often known as
shamans, had the ability to
(A)
pass between the material and spiritual realms.
(B)
see into the future.
(C)
predict solar eclipses.
the answer is schedule yearly rituals that mark the cycles of the agricultural year.
(D)
united warring civilizations.
17
A unique written record of the first kings of northern China were discovered in the form of
(A)
cave paintings.
(B)
elaborately decorated pottery.
(C)
oracle bones.
(D)
hieroglyphics.
The answer is oracle bones.
18
An emerging methodology for studying human consciousness that blends cultural systems
theory, analogy, and environmental reconstruction, among other practices, is known as
(A)
archaeology of mind.
(B)
ethnoarchaeology.
(C)
ethnohistory.
(D)
astroarchaeology.
The answer is archaeology of mind.
19
David Lewis-Williams realized that the rock paintings of South Africa
(A)
link society with the supernatural.
(B)
depict elaborate blood-letting ceremonies.
(C)
glorify scenes of everyday life.
(D)
are examples of art for art’s sake.
The answer is link society with the supernatural.
20
Egyptian pharaohs were believed to be the living embodiment of the Sun God Ra, and the
pharaohs were assumed to
(A)
regulate the movements of the moon.
(B)
join him in the skies at their death.
(C)
communicate with him through the pyramids.
(D)
hold power over the seasons.
The answer is pass between the material and spiritual realms.
21
The Anglo-Saxon ruler Raedwald was buried in Sutton Hoo in a
(A)
pyramid.
(B)
castle.
(C)
ship.
(D)
tree.
The answer is ship.
22
Archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon found a collection of plaster replicas of human heads at
Jericho in the 1950s that are believed to be
(A)
death masks.
(B)
portraits of ancestors.
(C)
religious masks.
(D)
portraits of ancient deities.
The answer is portraits of ancestors.
23
Which of the following practiced ritualized bloodletting and self-mutilation?
(A)
Aztecs
(B)
Minoans
(C)
Greeks
(D)
Moche
The answer is Aztecs.
24
The study of history using oral and other traditional sources is called
(A)
petrology.
(B)
astroarchaeology.
(C)
ethnoarchaeology.
(D)
ethnohistory.
The answer is ethnohistory.
25
Discuss what is and is not known about Stonehenge. Why do you think it is one of the most
commonly misunderstood archaeological sites?
The answer is join him in the skies at their death.