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Multiple Choice
1. All of the following are macrosystem factors that affect schools except
a.
political ideology.
b.
economics.
c.
religion.
d.
teacher–parent relationships.
2. Examples of unintentional ways in which a school might influence children include which of the following?
a.
Competitive grading by a teacher, which reduces students’ motivation to study
b.
A district’s choice of mathematics curriculum
c.
Efforts made by a school to meet Title IX requirements
d.
All of these
3. The schools’ function in the United States can be described as
a.
universal.
b.
formal.
c.
prescriptive.
d.
all of these.
4. The residents of Community A gather to discuss their school system. They agree that in order for their children to be
able to evaluate rules, select leaders, and meaningfully discuss issues, their children must be educated. The residents of
Community A are basing their discussion on
a.
Political ideology
b.
Economics
c.
Culture/ethnicity
d.
Religion
5. How much a society is willing to pay for the education of its citizens is influenced by
a.
values.
b.
concepts of knowledge and skills required for the future.
c.
opinions about the affordability of programs and curricula.
d.
all of these.
6. In the United States, education first became public
a.
in 1776.
b.
after the Civil War (after 1865).
c.
in the early 1900s.
d.
in the 1970s.
7. Traditional values of the macroculture enter the school through
a.
the school curriculum.
b.
classroom management techniques.
c.
both curriculum and classroom management techniques.
d.
neither curriculum nor classroom management techniques.
8. The No Child Left behind Act was designed to
a.
give parents options.
b.
give the wealthy tax breaks.
c.
ensure that parents keep children at one particular school.
d.
create better after-school programming.
9. A magnet school differs from a charter school in which of the following ways?
a.
A magnet school runs a full-day program.
b.
A magnet school is designed by the district, whereas a charter school is designed by parents, teachers, and
others.
c.
A magnet school must meet state educational standards, whereas a charter school does not need to meet state
educational standards.
d.
A magnet school serves only children from a local neighborhood.
10. A school that is authorized and funded by a public school district and formed by a group of parents, teachers, or other
community members with a shared education philosophy is known as a
a.
charter school.
b.
magnet school.
c.
home-based school.
d.
private school.
11. Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act gave women and girls new opportunities in schools. Title IX was passed
in
a.
1910.
b.
1942.
c.
1972.
d.
1995.
12. The process whereby a minority cultural group takes on the characteristics of the dominant cultural group is called
a.
cultural assimilation.
b.
cultural pluralism.
c.
bilingual education.
d.
classism
13. When Asishma and her family moved to the United States from India, her family began to speak only English and
celebrate traditional American holidays. This is an example of which of the following?
a.
Cultural assimilation
b.
Melting pot
c.
Cultural pluralism
d.
None of these
14. The term “melting pot” refers to the idea that
a.
a majority cultural group should take on characteristics of a minority group.
b.
society should socialize diverse groups to blend into a common culture.
c.
educational activities should occur in the child’s native language.
d.
schools should create a common set, or pot, of science activities.
15. Compared to the Euro-American teacher, the Navajo teacher discussed in your text was _________ in response to
children’s statements.
a.
quicker
b.
slower
c.
more positive
d.
less elaborate
16. Janet has lost the use of her legs due to an inherited condition. Loss of the use of her legs is Janet’s
a.
handicapism.
b.
impairment.
c.
disability.
d.
developmental trend.
17. Assumptions and practices that promote the differential and unequal treatment of people because they are different
physically, mentally, or behaviorally are called
a.
classism.
b.
stereotyping.
c.
handicapism.
d.
Title IX.
18. From a historical perspective, attitudes toward individuals with disabilities have generally progressed from
a.
pity to widespread acceptance.
b.
acceptance to pity.
c.
denial to Title IX.
d.
acceptance to denial.
19. From a historical perspective, the most significant changes in the field of special education have been the result of
work and advocacy by
a.
teachers.
b.
parents.
c.
disabled children themselves.
d.
religious leaders.
20. The Individuals with Disabilities Act was passed in
a.
1910.
b.
1925.
c.
1975.
d.
1990.
21. The Individuals with Disabilities Act covers children ages
a.
birth to 3 years.
b.
3 years to 5 years.
c.
3 years to 21 years.
d.
5 years to 18 years.
22. A strength of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) is that it
a.
requires discriminatory evaluations.
b.
gives parents a voice.
c.
does not require follow-up.
d.
none of these.
23. An individualized education program (IEP) must include which of the following?
a.
Methods that will result in the same standardized test scores for children with IEPs as for other children in the
class.
b.
A statement of the child’s present levels of educational performance
c.
Subjective criteria for evaluation
d.
A plan for the child’s education throughout elementary school
24. The educational philosophy that all children are entitled to participate fully in their school and community is called
a.
inclusion.
b.
disability awareness.
c.
classism.
d.
freedom to learn.
25. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) provided federal funds to implement
a.
any program to prevent illegal use of substances.
b.
any program to prevent violence.
c.
programs to prevent the use of illegal substances and violence, but only if the programs are grounded in
scientific research.
d.
none of these; prevention programs were not part of NCLBA.
26. Over _________ of American teenagers have tried an illicit drug by the time they have finished high school.
a.
10%
b.
one-third
c.
one half
d.
three-fourths
27. The abuse of substances such as alcohol and drugs is linked to
a.
missing school.
b.
violent behavior.
c.
lack of motivation.
d.
all of these.
28. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Education have identified ways for
schools to participate in the prevention of substance abuse. Which of the following is not one of these ways?
a.
Schools must provide factual information about the harmful effects of drugs.
b.
Schools must collaborate with parents and community members.
c.
Schools must provide referrals to appropriate treatment programs.
d.
Schools must do random drug testing.
29. Obesity in children and adolescents is a major concern because
a.
it is associated with social and psychological problems.
b.
many children have at least one additional risk factor for heart disease.
c.
they are more likely to become overweight adults.
d.
all of these.
30. The incidence of hate-motivated violence is
a.
rising.
b.
falling.
c.
remaining constant.
d.
none of these; hate-motivated violence cannot be measured.
31. Violence
a.
transcends all socioeconomic levels.
b.
is not found in areas of high unemployment.
c.
is linked to growing up in nonviolent neighborhoods with little crime.
d.
is not related to family variables.
32. Redco, a plastics manufacturing firm, has partnered with the school district in Redco’s town to provide job-training
skills and scholarships for youth who wish to learn more about manufacturing. The Redco company is part of the
a.
exosystem.
b.
microsystem.
c.
chronosystem.
d.
system of thought.
33. Socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnically diverse families fare comparably to middle-class children when families
do which of the following?
a.
Create a home environment that encourages learning
b.
Express high expectations for their children
c.
Become involved in their children’s education at school and in the community
d.
All of these
34. Mary is a member of her child’s school advisory board, which helps determine school programs and policies. Mary is
engaged in which kind of school involvement?
a.
Partnership
b.
Decision-making
c.
Authoritarian
d.
Mediation
35. Eddie has no interest in becoming involved in his child’s school. According to your text, likely reasons that Eddie is
not interested include which of the following?
a.
Perhaps Eddie did not like school when he was a child.
b.
Perhaps Eddie feels he is only called to school when there is a problem.
c.
Perhaps Eddie does not speak English fluently and the teacher does.
d.
All of these are correct; all are potential barriers to Eddie’s involvement.
36. Marisol teaches third grade at a public school. There is one child in her class whose parents seem reluctant to come to
school. Good strategies for Marisol to try include which of the following?
a.
Send positive notes home.
b.
Call the parents to let them know their child is doing well.
c.
Invite the parents to share something about their work or occupation(s).
d.
All of these are correct.
37. Coleman (1961) found that in most high schools, boys value _________, whereas girls value _________.
a.
athletic ability; popularity
b.
athletic ability; intelligence
c.
popularity; scholarship
d.
intelligence; popularity
38. Cooperative learning can be used to
a.
promote acceptance of students with disabilities.
b.
foster relationships among ethnic groups.
c.
increase student achievement.
d.
all of these.
39. According to your text, Channel One
a.
is a for-profit television news program.
b.
is an example of a school–media linkage.
c.
includes commercials.
d.
all of these.
40. In small schools (less than 400 pupils), students are found to
a.
engage in fewer activities.
b.
hold fewer leadership positions.
c.
be more likely to report that they are satisfied with their school.
d.
have lower graduation rates.
41. Intellectual development is an example of a(n) _________ goal of a school.
42. Self-realization is an example of a(n) _________ goal of a school.
43. In a(n) _________ society, the role of the school is continually debated by its citizens until consensus is reached on
various issues.
44. Educational policies are generally under the jurisdiction of the government at the _____ level.
45. A major challenge facing educators is how to balance diversity with _________.
46. The separation of church and state is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the _________.
47. Gracetown has a school in which the primary focus is on the arts. The Gracetown arts school draws children from
many different neighborhoods. Gracetown’s arts school would be called a(n) _________ school.
48. A document that functions like a coupon good for the amount of money a school district would normally spend on a
child’s education is called a(n) _________.
49. A school formed by a group of parents, teachers, or other community members with a shared philosophy, and that is
authorized and funded by a public school district, is called a(n) _________ school.
50. _________ refers to the idea that society should socialize diverse groups to blend into a common culture.
51. _________ refers to the process whereby a minority cultural group takes on the characteristics of the majority
(dominant) group.
52. English immersion programs and celebrating American holidays are examples of ____________________________.
53. In the United States, education in the student’s native language as well as English, respect for the student’s culture and
ethnicity, and enhancement of the student’s self-concept is termed _________ .
54. An example of the socialization philosophy of cultural pluralism is the concept of ________________________.
55. There are about _________ different religious groups in the United States.
56. Physical damage or deterioration to the body is called _________.
57. Something that hampers a person, thus creating a disadvantage or hindrance, is termed a(n) _________.
58. The IDEA requires _________ evaluations that are appropriate to a child’s background.
59. The idea that children are entitled to participate fully in their school and community is the principle of _________.
60. The link between schools and families is an example of a(n) _________.
61. _________ refers to a consistent pattern of behavior and performance by which an individual approaches educational
experiences.
62. When a trained peer listens to all perspectives and gives assistance in working out a compromise, the strategy is called
_________.
63. When a teacher discusses solutions to conflict that are agreeable to all parties, this is an example of a(n) __________
strategy.
Subjective Short Answer
64. Imagine you are employed as the head of the Board of Education for the state of New Jersey. You have final
responsibility for setting all educational policy in the state. Your staff members come to you and want to implement a
new curriculum aimed at reducing drug and alcohol use in school. Drawing upon information provided in your text,
describe the macrosystem factors that will influence whether or not you adopt the curriculum.
65. Using the United States as an example, compare and contrast personal goals for schooling with those that are social,
civic, and cultural.
66. Describe how a magnet school differs from a charter school, and give examples.
67. Compare and contrast the concepts of cultural assimilation and melting pot.
68. Using cultural background as a framework, describe the factors other than language proficiency that contribute to a
child’s success in school.
69. Imagine you are writing a newspaper feature story on disabilities. Write a brief essay that discusses the concepts of
disability, impairment, and handicapism. Focus your work on the socialization issues surrounding disability as found in
your text.
70. Write a description of how disability has been conceptualized over time.
71. Describe the ways in which families affect and are affected by schools. Include in your discussion variations among
families, as well as the importance of consistency in environment.
72. Compare and contrast how the socialization experiences of children vary by the size of the class.
73. Describe the impact of changing technology on educational environments.
