58)
Describe how oxygen is carried from outside a bone to an individual osteocyte.
58)
canaliculi from cell to cell until it reaches the cell in question.
Explanation:
Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
59)
Bone 4.
59)
Explanation:
60)
List the steps in the repair process of a simple fracture.
60)
Explanation:
Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
61)
Compact bone.
61)
62)
Several hormones control the remodeling of bones. Which two respond to changing blood
calcium levels?
62)
Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
63)
Bone 6.
63)
Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
64)
Area where yellow marrow is found.
64)
65)
Compare the function of the organic materials in the bone matrix with the function of the
inorganic materials in the matrix.
65)
66)
If your doctor notices a marked decrease in calcium ion levels in your blood, what gland
might he suspect is not functioning properly and why?
66)
67)
What term describes in growth in the diameter of long bones?
67)
D
TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.
68)
The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.
68)
69)
An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.
69)
70)
In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone
marrow.
70)
71)
Short, irregular, and flat bones have marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light.
71)
72)
Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone.
72)
73)
The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.
73)
74)
Sixty–five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite.
74)
75)
Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions.
75)
76)
Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain
bones.
76)
77)
All bones stop growing by the end of adolescence.
77)
78)
Closure of the epiphyseal plate stops all bone growth.
78)
79)
The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.
79)
80)
Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function.
80)
81)
Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes.
81)
82)
The hormone that is primarily involved in the control of bone remodeling is the parathyroid
hormone.
82)
83)
The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves
or blood vessels.
83)
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
84)
The appearance of this structure
signals the end of bone growth.
85)
The area of long bones where cartilage
cells are replaced by bone cells.
A)
Epiphyseal line
84)
85)
Match the following:
86)
Foramen
87)
Ischial spine
87)
A)
Occipital bone
86)
Match the following:
88)
Bones are porous and thin but bone
composition is normal.
A)
Osteoporosis
88)
Match the following:
89)
The lining of the marrow cavity.
90)
Small channels that radiate through
the matrix of bone.
91)
Cells that can dissolve the bony
matrix.
A)
Canaliculi
C)
Endosteum
89)
90)
91)
Match the following:
92)
Abnormal bone formation and
reabsorption.
A)
Paget‘s disease
92)
Match the following:
93)
Ramus
93)
A)
Mandible
Match the following:
94)
Bone fragments into many pieces.
94)
A)
Comminuted
Match the following:
95)
Bone formed is poorly mineralized
and soft. Deforms on weight bearing.
A)
Osteomalacia
95)
Match the following:
96)
Area where bone longitudinal growth
takes place.
A)
Epiphyseal plate
96)
Match the following:
97)
Facet
A)
Vertebrae
97)
Osteoclasts
Match the following:
98)
Common sports fracture resulting
from a twisting force.
A)
Spiral
98)
Match the following:
99)
Trochanter
A)
Femur
99)
Match the following:
100)
The cells responsible for the early
stages of endochondral ossification.
101)
The growth pattern of bone in which
matrix is laid down on the surface.
A)
Chondrocytes
100)
101)
Match the following:
102)
Cells that can build bony matrix.
102)
A)
Osteoblasts
Match the following:
103)
An incomplete fracture or cracking of
the bone without actual separation of
the parts. Common in children.
A)
Greenstick
103)
Match the following:
104)
Layers of bone matrix.
A)
Lamellae
104)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
105)
Explain why swimming is not generally recommended as an exercise to prevent osteoporosis.
106)
Emily, a 64–year–old formerly obese woman who successfully lost over 100 pounds, was brought to the
hospital suffering pain in her legs, and an X–ray revealed that she had a simple fracture in her right femur and a
crack in her left tibia. Other tests revealed that her bones were brittle and porous. What might have happened to
Emily, and what advice would she have been given by the physician?
107)
People who live in the north should take supplemental calcium with vitamin D. Explain why.
108)
How can a tooth be moved in a bony socket during orthodontic treatment?
109)
When does prevention of osteoporosis start?
110)
A 75–year–old woman and her 9–year–old granddaughter were victims of a train crash. In both cases, trauma to
the chest was sustained. X rays of the grandmother revealed several fractured ribs, but her granddaughter had
none. Explain these different findings.
111)
Johnny fractured the lower third of his right tibia in a skiing accident. The soft tissues in the area were severely
damaged and their surgical removal was necessary. After prolonged immobilization, it was found that Johnny
was healing very poorly. The explanation offered by the orthopedic surgeon was that vascularization of the
fracture site was still inadequate and good healing was absolutely dependent upon an adequate blood supply.
Describe how a long bone receives its blood supply and trace the path of nutrient delivery to the osteocytes.
112)
Alice and James adopted a 3–year–old child from a developing country. They noticed that her legs were bowed
and there were some deformities in her cranial and pelvic bones. They brought her to a physician for a
diagnosis. What was the diagnosis, and what was the treatment for the disorder?
113)
Mrs. Brown was outside on her patio cleaning windows when she fell off her step ladder and fractured her right
hip. She had emergency surgery with an open reduction and internal fixation of the right hip. Three days
postoperatively, she asks you if she will have trouble going through airport security. What has prompted her
concern?
114)
While on spring break from college, June fell on the pavement and broke her wrist. At the emergency room, a
resident placed a cast on her wrist after manipulating the bones. It seemed to heal within a few months. Now,
decades later she has noticed lumps in the area where the break happened and she has been complaining of
pain. What could be causing the lumps and the pain?
115)
If your elderly patient’s blood calcium level is normal, does that mean the patient does not have osteoporosis?
Explain.
Answer Key
Testname: C6
25
Answer Key
Testname: C6
Answer Key
Testname: C6
27