Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Check All That Apply Questions
61. You are studying a mouse strain with a mutation in the alpha constant region of the
immunoglobulin heavy-chain. To determine the result of this mutation on the animal, what
can you assay? (Check all that apply.)
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about the alpha constant region of the heavy chain? What other
information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
62. B cells can generate antibodies with over 1010 different antigen-binding sites. How do so
many different antibodies fit onto a single B cell?
Matching Questions
63. Dr. Singh just returned from a year working in rural Africa for the World Health
Organization, and now he has a small clinic in San Francisco. In both locations, he sometimes
sees patients with chronic elevated IgE levels. Match the doctor’s initial diagnosis for a patient
in each location.
Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
64. A pathogenic virus has a new mutation in one of the coat proteins, that just happens to
resemble the structure of a normal human protein present in glial cells of the CNS. What do
you predict may be an outcome of infection by this virus?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
Gather Content
What do you already know about viral infections? What other information is related to the
question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Check All That Apply Questions
65. Some of the most common autoimmune disorders include those that affect the joints
(rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis), muscles (polymyalgia rheumatica), blood
vessels (giant cell arteritis), tear and salivary glands (Sjogren’s syndrome), or a differing
variety of body tissues (systemic lupus erythematosus). What do these various disorders have
in common? (Check all that apply.)
Multiple Choice Questions
66. Unless rare antigens are present ideally, a patient needing a transfusion will receive blood
of the identical blood type. But in an emergency, what blood type can be given in a
transfusion to anyone?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about blood typing? What other information is related to the
question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
67. You are designing a fast assay system for detecting flu virus in patients. You hope to send
these tests to clinics in far-flung regions of the globe so they can conduct surveillance on
influenza epidemics. The kits will need to remain functional for several years. What type of
antibody will you choose?
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies? What other
information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
68. Your initial version of the influenza assay kit was a great success. Now you are making a
new version that will detect one specific strain of influenza that is particularly virulent, and
distinguish it from other typical strains. What type of antibody would be best in this case?
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies? What other
information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
69. When developing a monoclonal antibody-based test kit, great care must be taken to
choose an antibody with the right binding properties. Imagine that you are developing a food-
testing kit to specifically detect E. coli 0157:H7, a pathogenic serotype of E. coli that causes
food poisoning. Choose the hybridoma line best suited for use in your test kit.
hybridoma line
E. coli 0157:H7
E. coli 0150:H5
E. coli 0152:H28
1
+++
+++
–
2
–
++
+
3
++
–
–
4
+++
++
++
5
+
–
–
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
E.coli 0157:H7 What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about hybridomas? What other information is related to the
question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct
answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
70. Every year a new version of the flu vaccine is made using a mixture of strains. The strains
are chosen based on surveillance and analysis by experts from the FDA, WHO, and CDC. For
other diseases however, such as varicella (chickenpox), the same vaccine is used continually
and repeated vaccinations are not necessary. What do you conclude is the important
difference between the influenza virus and the varicella zoster virus with regards to
vaccinations?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about varicella zoster and influenza? What other information is
related to the question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
71. What is a consequence of the fact that the chickenpox virus has a much lower mutation
rate than the influenza virus?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about viral mutation rates? What other information is related
to the question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
72. Why must T cell activation take place outside the thymus?
73. In the old days, milkmaids were exposed to cowpox from milking the cows, and this
fortuitously gave them some protection from smallpox. What was happening in the
milkmaids?
Chapter 51 – The Immune System
74. If Peter is allergic to peanuts and Paul is not, what is the precise molecular difference in
Peter’s bloodstream responsible for this?