True / False
1. Police officers who have the public’s confidence are often more effective at their jobs.
a. True
b. False
2. Police are mainly reactive because they are dependent upon citizen calls for service in performing their duties.
a. True
b. False
3. ComStat delivers detailed crime statistics for each precinct and helps to develop immediate approaches and goals for
problem solving. .
a. True
b. False
4. In large departments, detectives make up two-thirds of sworn officers.
a. True
b. False
5. Preventive patrol involves increased police presence in a community in order to reduce crime.
a. True
b. False
6. Detectives are more closely supervised than patrol officers.
a. True
b. False
7. Traffic enforcement is a major job of the police.
a. True
b. False
8. Police help maintain order by enforcing traffic laws.
a. True
b. False
9. Hot spots are locations where crimes occur frequently.
a. True
b. False
10. Most police patrolling is still conducted in cars.
a. True
b. False
11. Aggressive patrol is a form of patrolling that directs resources to known high-crime areas.
a. True
b. False
12. Community policing can take many forms depending on the needs and priorities of the police department.
a. True
b. False
13. The community policing philosophy does not include community residents in decision making.
a. True
b. False
14. Aggressive patrol strains police relations with African Americans and Hispanics.
a. True
b. False
15. Problem-oriented policing tries to find the underlying causes of crime.
a. True
b. False
16. Immigrants from Southeast Asia make up the fastest growing minority group in the United States.
a. True
b. False
17. After September 11, 2001, the FBI shifted the focus of its personnel assignments from crime-control activities to
intelligence-gathering.
a. True
b. False
18. Local police departments are not trained in homeland security issues.
a. True
b. False
19. Fusion centers were developed to encourage the use of community policing techniques.
a. True
b. False
20. Prosecutors have used anti-terrorism legislation to prosecute gang members for criminal activity.
a. True
b. False
21. Municipal police are usually responsible for maintaining security in and around nuclear power plants, oil refineries,
and military facilities.
a. True
b. False
22. Higher level security managers are increasingly drawn from college graduates with degrees in criminal justice.
a. True
b. False
23. Private firms are not allowed to hire public police officers.
a. True
b. False
24. Although some departments may forbid moonlighting by their officers, some departments simultaneously facilitate
and control the hiring of their officers.
a. True
b. False
25. In 2008, 46 percent of private security officers had a high school diploma or less.
a. True
b. False
26. Police are less likely to enforce the law against elderly, white, affluent women, than against a younger, black male.
a. True
b. False
27. A suspect who shows no respect to an officer is less likely to be arrested than one who does.
a. True
b. False
28. Use of force typically occurs when police are trying interrogate witnesses and the witnesses are either uncooperative
or hostile.
a. True
b. False
29. Police use force infrequently.
a. True
b. False
30. Most officers, on most shifts, do not make even one arrest.
a. True
b. False
31. The largest block of an officer’s time during a typical shift is spent on traffic control.
a. True
b. False
32. When the police attempt to deter crime and officers respond quickly to calls are characteristic of a free patrol.
a. True
b. False
33. The process of catching a suspect has five stages.
a. True
b. False
34. School resource officers are classified as special operations.
a. True
b. False
Multiple Choice
35. Which of the following is NOT one of the five factors that officers must take into account when exercising discretion?
a. the nature of the crime
b. the relationship between the alleged criminal and victim
c. the relationship between the police and the criminal or victim
d. the rank of the responding officer
e. prior criminal history
36. Violent victimization that may occur between intimate partners, which frequently requires the use of officer discretion,
is called:
a. policy.
b. domestic violence.
c. intimate reunions.
d. divorce intercession.
e. date violence.
37. What is the application of force against individuals by police officers that violates either departmental policies or
constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force permissible in a given situation?
a. less lethal force
b. excessive use of force
c. racial disparity
d. profiling
e. prejudice
38. Officers who partake in a wide range of practices including abusive language, physical force, and/or violence are
guilty of:
a. police brutality
b. less lethal force c. racial disparity
d. profiling
e. prejudice
39. Officers who participate in violations of law and departmental policy for personal gain are guilty of:
a. brutality.
b. code of silence.
c. corruption.
d. disparity.
e. official conduct.
40. Officers who participate in small payoffs such as exchanging money for not writing a ticket are called:
a. grass eaters.
b. meat eaters.
c. code of violators.
d. hazing.
e. payoffs.
41. Officers who participate in widespread corruption including drug smuggling and money laundering are called:
a. grass eaters.
b. meat eaters.
c. code of violators.
d. hazing.
e. payoffs.
42. This is the unit of a police department that receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies
on the part of officers.
a. SWAT
b. school resource
c. internal affairs
d. human resources department
e. external affairs
43. Oftentimes, citizens will form a committee to investigate complaints against the police, which are referred to as:
a. internal affairs.
b. the accreditation board.
c. the community election board.
d. the civilian review board.
e. the private review board.
44. CALEA is a nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives’ associations to:
a. develop standards for police policies and practices.
b. review police agencies.
c. award accreditation.
d. determine if standards are met.
e. all of these.
45. This type of policing involves examining social science studies on the nature of crime and social problems.
a. differential response
b. research based
c. evidence based
d. incident driven
e. evidence response
46. Most police work is reactive, which means that police primarily:
a. respond to citizen calls for service.
b. initiate actions in the absence of citizen requests.
c. operate according to “hunches.”
d. stop crime before it happens.
e. focus on administrative tasks.
47. Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime?
a. responding to citizen calls for service
b. responding to victimless crimes using a stakeout
c. responding to citizens who approach an officer
d. responding to a crime after the perpetrator has fled
e. incident-driven policing
48. The policing approach in which calls for service are the main instigators of police action is known as:
a. clearance rate policing.
b. aggressive patrol policing.
c. proactive policing.
d. preventive policing.
e. incident-driven policing.
49. The approach to policing that involves assigning priorities to various calls for service is known as:
a. incident-driven policing.
b. clearance rate.
c. differential response.
d. line functions.
e. preventive patrol.
50. To improve efficiency, police departments utilize the policy of differential response, which allows:
a. for less detailed information to be received from callers.
b. that callers are uncertain about when to expect a response.
c. the appropriate response.
d. that patrol officers know less about a case when they respond.
e. that low-income callers received less attention from police.
51. What approach to crime fighting uses detailed crime statistics and forces police supervisors to meet to plan goals for
crime prevention purposes?
a. Crime Stat
b. Policeone
c. Crime Fighter Stat
d. Compstat
e. Crime Data
52. What employees have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and use necessary force in the
commission of their duties?
a. security officers
b. communication officers
c. sworn officers
d. directed officers
e. armed security
53. Which of the following statements about measurements of police productivity is TRUE?
a. Clearance rate is the most effective measure of police productivity.
b. Crime rate is the most effective measure of police productivity.
c. Clearance rate and crime rate together provide an accurate picture of police productivity.
d. Clearance rate and crime rate do not give an accurate picture of police productivity.
e. Police productivity can be accurately calculated using a city’s population, crime level, and the size of the police
force.
54. The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called:
a. incident-driven policing.
b. clearance rate.
c. differential response.
d. line functions.
e. preventive patrol.
55. The police function that includes the familiar sight of uniformed and armed officers on call 24 hours a day, also called
the backbone of police operations, is the:
a. patrol.
b. desk sergeant.
c. shift commander.
d. beat cop.
e. captain.
56. Police officers assigned for duty in schools to assist in order maintenance while also developing positive relationships
with students that may assist in delinquency prevention are known as what type of officers?
a. SWAT
b. juvenile
c. vice
d. SRO
e. traffic
57. Which type of police officers accounts for two-thirds of all sworn officers?
a. detective
b. traffic
c. juvenile
d. vice
e. patrol
58. Preventive patrol emphasizes:
a. large numbers of arrests to control crime.
b. responding to 911 calls.
c. making police presence known.
d. fixing “broken windows.”
e. order maintenance.
59. In federal agencies, the work of special agents is most similar to that of:
a. vice officers.
b. SWAT officers.
c. patrol officers.
d. detectives.
e. dispatchers.
60. The nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives’ associations to develop standards for police
is called:
a. CALEA.
b. TRO.
c. SOR.
d. SRC.
e. TOR.
61. Which classic study of a police department found that preventative patrol did not decrease crime, and forced many
departments to redesign their crime fighting strategy?
a. Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment
b. Charlotte Preventative Patrol Experiment
c. Tampa Preventative Patrol Experiment
d. Oakland Preventative Patrol Experiment
e. None of these
62. Which of the following statements about the traffic regulation function of the police is TRUE?
a. It is mostly reactive.
b. It is mostly proactive.
c. Its only major benefit is order maintenance.
d. It involves a limited use of discretion.
e. It is a major source of police income.
63. Which of the following is a vice offense?
a. assault
b. traffic violations
c. arson
d. auto theft
e. prostitution
64. Drug enforcement in large cities often combat organized crime and gangs involved in drug abuse with this type of
patrol.
a. preventative
b. routine
c. aggressive
d. proactive
e. reactive
65. Community policing philosophies suggest that citizens should be viewed as:
a. criminals.
b. victims.
c. offenders.
d. customers.
e. complainants.
66. Which of the following is a central feature of community policing?
a. reactive policing
b. improved 911 response time
c. problem solving
d. crime control
e. criminal investigation
67. Programs in which criminal justice officials cultivate relationships with and rely on assistance from citizens in
preventing crime and apprehending offenders are:
a. community crime prevention.
b. community sanctions.
c. community prevention plans.
d. community crime pretense.
e. community proactive prevention.
68. Interpol was created in order to:
a. fight terrorism.
b. foster cooperation among the world’s police forces.
c. implement community policing in the United States.
d. teach officers about the benefits of community policing.
e. improve policy-community relations around the world.
69. Which of the following has NOT been a factor in the recent growth of the private security industry?
a. budgetary constraints upon the states
b. fear of crime
c. an increase in the number of people wanting to become police officers
d. an increase in crimes in the workplace
e. an increase in public and business awareness
70. Which model permits close control of off-duty work, because firms must apply to the department to have officers
assigned to them?
a. department contract model
b. officer contract model
c. union brokerage model
d. public-private interface model
e. department contract model
71. Which of the following statements about public police officers who work for private security firms is TRUE?
a. Congress passed a law making it illegal for public police officers to work for private firms.
b. It is legal for public police officers to work for private firms, but they never retain their full powers and status as
police personnel.
c. It is almost always legal for public police officers to work for private firms, and they may retain their powers and
status as police personnel.
d. Very few police officers work for private firms.
e. There is no conflict of interest if a public police officer works for a private firm.
72. Joint planning for emergencies, hiring of private firms to guard govern ment facilities, and hiring of police officers for
off-duty private security work are examples of the:
a. officer contract model.
b. conflict of interest model.
c. union brokerage model.
d. department contract model.
e. public-private interface model.
73. Which of the following models allows officers to obtain off-duty employment with permission from their department?
a. officer contract model
b. conflict of interest model
c. union brokerage model
d. department contract model