63) The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA
A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar.
B) can form a double-stranded molecule.
C) is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in RNA is a keto sugar.
D) is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration.
E) contains one less oxygen atom.
64) Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA?
A) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not.
B) The bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not.
C) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.
D) DNA contains the base uracil, whereas RNA contains the base thymine.
E) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not; the bases in DNA form base-paired
duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not; and DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA
nucleotides.
65) If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5’ATTGCA3′, the other complementary
strand would have the sequence
A) 5’TAACGT3′.
B) 5’TGCAAT3′.
C) 5’UAACGU3′.
D) 3’UAACGU5′.
E) 5’UGCAAU3′.
66) What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?
A) sugar-phosphate backbone
B) complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases
C) disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes
D) twisting of the molecule to form an α helix
E) three-component structure of the nucleotides
67) A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the
polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from
humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These
data suggest that the new organism
A) is more closely related to humans than to frogs.
B) is more closely related to frogs than to humans.
C) evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals.
D) is more closely related to humans than to rats.
E) is more closely related to frogs than to humans and also evolved at about the same time as frogs,
which is much earlier than primates and mammals.
68) Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?
A) the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water
B) the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water
C) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water
D) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water
E) the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the
production of a molecule of water
69) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 32P-labeled phosphate, which of these
molecules will be labeled?
A) phospholipids
B) nucleic acids
C) proteins
D) amylose
E) both phospholipids and nucleic acids
70) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be
labeled?
A) fatty acids only
B) nucleic acids only
C) proteins only
D) amylase only
E) both proteins and nucleic acids
71) How will brief heating (to 95°C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution?
A) DNA duplexes will unwind and separate.
B) Proteins will unfold (denature).
C) Starch will hydrolyze into monomeric sugars.
D) Proteins will hydrolyze into amino acids.
E) DNA duplexes will unwind and separate, and proteins will unfold (denature).
72) Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing?
A) monosaccharide/polysaccharide
B) amino acid/protein
C) triglyceride/phospholipid bilayer
D) deoxyribonucleotide/DNA
E) ribonucleotide/RNA
Art Questions
Figure 5.1
73) If two molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5.1 were linked together, carbon-1 of one
molecule to carbon-4 of the other, the single molecule that would result would be
A) maltose.
B) fructose.
C) glucose.
D) galactose.
E) sucrose.
74) Which of the following descriptors is true of the molecule shown in Figure 5.1?
A) hexose
B) fructose
C) glucose
D) hexose and fructose only
E) hexose and glucose only
Figure 5.2
75) Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.2?
A) It is a saturated fatty acid.
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.
D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and
molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.
Figure 5.3
76) Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.3?
A) It is a saturated fatty acid.
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.
D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and
molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.
77) The molecule shown in Figure 5.3 is a
A) polysaccharide.
B) polypeptide.
C) saturated fatty acid.
D) triacylglycerol.
E) unsaturated fatty acid.
Figure 5.4
78) What is the structure shown in Figure 5.4?
A) pentose molecule
B) fatty acid molecule
C) steroid molecule
D) oligosaccharide molecule
E) phospholipid molecule
Figure 5.5
79) Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure
5.5?
A) It is a hydrolysis reaction.
B) It results in a peptide bond.
C) It joins two fatty acids together.
D) It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond.
E) It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together.
Refer to Figure 5.6 to answer the following questions.
Figure 5.6
80) At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its
component amino acid?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
81) Which bond is a peptide bond?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
82) Which bond is closest to the amino terminus of the molecule?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Figure 5.7
83) The structure depicted in Figure 5.7 shows the
A) 1-4 linkage of the α glucose monomers of starch.
B) 1-4 linkage of the β glucose monomers of cellulose.
C) double-helical structure of a DNA molecule.
D) α helix secondary structure of a polypeptide.
E) β pleated sheet secondary structure of a polypeptide.
The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be
used once, more than once, or not at all.
Figure 5.8
84) Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma
membranes?
A) 1
B) 5
C) 6
D) 12
E) 14
24
85) Which of the following combinations could be linked together to form a nucleotide?
A) 1, 2, and 11
B) 3, 7, and 8
C) 5, 9, and 10
D) 11, 12, and 13
E) 12, 14, and 15
86) Which of the following molecules contain(s) an aldehyde type of carbonyl functional group?
A) 1
B) 4
C) 8
D) 10
E) 1 and 4
87) Which molecule is glycerol?
A) 1
B) 6
C) 10
D) 14
E) 15
88) Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?
A) 1
B) 5
C) 6
D) 8
E) 9
89) Which of the following molecules is a purine type of nitrogenous base?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 12
E) 13
90) Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?
A) 1, 4, and 6
B) 2, 7, and 8
C) 7, 8, and 13
D) 11, 12, and 13
E) 12, 13, and 15
91) Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain?
A) 3
B) 7
C) 8
D) 12
E) 13
92) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond as a result of a
dehydration reaction?
A) 2 and 3
B) 3 and 7
C) 7 and 8
D) 8 and 9
E) 12 and 13
93) A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between
A) one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10.
B) three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10.
C) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9.
D) three molecules of 5 and one molecule of 9.
E) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10.
94) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a phosphodiester type of covalent
bond?
A) 3 and 4
B) 3 and 8
C) 6 and 15
D) 11 and 12
E) 11 and 13
95) Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?
A) 1
B) 4
C) 6
D) 12
E) 13
96) Which of the following molecules contains a glycosidic linkage type of covalent bond?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 12
D) 13
E) 15
97) Which of the following molecules has a functional group that frequently forms covalent bonds that
maintain the tertiary structure of a protein?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 7
D) 8
E) 9
98) Which of the following molecules consists of a hydrophilic “head” region and a hydrophobic “tail”
region?
A) 2
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9
E) 11
99) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Molecules 1 and 4 could be joined together by a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide.
B) Molecules 9 and 10 could be joined together by ester bonds to form a triacylglycerol.
C) Molecules 2 and 7 could be joined together to form a short peptide.
D) Molecules 2, 7, and 8 could be joined together to form a short peptide.
E) Molecules 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide.
Scenario Questions
Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural
polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each
synthesized from four nucleotides.
100) Among these biological polymers, which has the least structural variety?
A) polysaccharides
B) proteins
C) DNA
D) RNA
101) Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety?
A) polysaccharides
B) proteins
C) DNA
D) RNA
102) Professor Jamey Marth at the University of California, Santa Barbara, identified 70 molecules that
are used to build cellular macromolecules and structures. These include at least 34 saccharides, 8
nucleosides, and 20 amino acids. In theory, then, which class of biological polymer has the greatest
information-coding capacity?
A) polysaccharides
B) proteins
C) DNA
D) RNA
End-of-Chapter Questions
The following questions are from the end-of–chapter “Test Your Understanding” section in Chapter 5 of
the textbook.
103) Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?
A) monosaccharide
B) disaccharide
C) starch
D) carbohydrate
E) polysaccharide
104) The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the
monomers are in the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?
A) glycogen, starch, and amylopectin
B) glycogen and cellulose
C) cellulose and chitin
D) starch and chitin
E) starch, amylopectin, and cellulose
105) Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?
A) They are more common in animals than in plants.
B) They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
C) They generally solidify at room temperature.
D) They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.
E) They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule.
106) The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the
A) primary level.
B) secondary level.
C) tertiary level.
D) quaternary level.
E) All structural levels are equally affected.
107) Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides
together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?
A) The two strands of the double helix would separate.
B) The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken.
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
108) The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a
polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
A) C60H120O60
B) C6H12O6
C) C60H102O51
D) C60H100O50
E) C60H111O51
109) Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix
of DNA?
A) 5′-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3′ with 3′-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5′
B) 5′-AGCT-3′ with 5′-TCGA-3′
C) 5′-GCGC-3′ with 5′-TATA-3′
D) 5′-ATGC-3′ with 5′-GCAT-3′
E) All of these pairs are correct.