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Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
a.
cooled volcanic lava
b.
an abandoned farm
c.
a forest that has been clear-cut
d.
newly flooded land
e.
a forest that has been burned
49. Which of the following would undergo secondary ecological succession?
a.
cooled volcanic lava
b.
an abandoned parking lot
c.
a heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up
d.
a bare rock outcrop
e.
a newly created shallow pond
50. Most opportunist species ____.
a.
are nonnative
b.
tend to mature slowly after birth
c.
are especially vulnerable to extinction
d.
tend to do well in competitive conditions when their population size is near the carrying capacity of their
environment
e.
go through irregular and unstable boom-and-bust cycles in their population sizes
51. Populations that overshoot their carrying capacity will suffer ____.
a.
environmental resistance
b.
a population crash
c.
r-selection
d.
inertia
e.
succession
52. Which of the following is an example of a species with a late loss survivorship curve?
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
a.
squirrel
b.
elephant
c.
annual plant
d.
songbird
e.
praying mantis
53. A fox catches and eats a mouse. In this interaction, the fox is the ____.
a.
parasite
b.
predator
c.
prey
d.
herbivore
e.
mimic
54. Inertia can also be referred to as ____.
a.
resilience
b.
persistence
c.
a lack of ecological succession
d.
both persistence and resilience
e.
a faster rate of ecological succession
55. Stinkbugs can release a foul smell when threatened. This is an example of ____.
a.
warning coloration
b.
camouflage
c.
echolocation
d.
chemical warfare
e.
mimicry
56. Hummingbirds consume nectar from flowers, and transfer pollen in the process. This is an example of ____.
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
a.
mutualism
b.
mimicry
c.
parasitism
d.
commensalism
e.
chemical warfare
57. A glacier retreats, exposing bare rock and allowing communities of organisms to move in. This is an example of ____.
a.
secondary ecological succession
b.
primary ecological succession
c.
persistence
d.
J-curve populations
e.
environmental resistance
58. In a desert environment, the amount of plant growth is controlled by the amount of precipitation. In this case,
precipitation is a(n) ____.
a.
K-selection factor
b.
overshoot
c.
carrying capacity
d.
succession
e.
limiting factor
59. The number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume is the ____.
a.
limiting factor
b.
carrying capacity
c.
population density
d.
resource partition
e.
growth maximum
60. Which of the following is an example of an r-selected species?
a.
most tropical rainforest trees
b.
humans
c.
whales
d.
most insects
e.
elephants
61. A habitat’s carrying capacity is largely determined by ____.
a.
inertia
b.
the environmental resistance
c.
age structure
d.
a population’s survivorship curve
e.
a population’s reproductive capacity
62. Which type of interspecific interaction could best be described as a “win-win” interaction?
a.
mutualism
b.
parasitism
c.
mimicry
d.
predation
e.
infection
63. The southern sea otter is a(n) ____ species that helps to sustain kelp forests by controlling populations of sea urchins.
a.
prey
b.
indicator
c.
keystone
d.
r-selected
e.
J-curve
64. Newborn young would fall under which category of a population’s age structure?
a.
postreproductive stage
b.
preroproductive stage
c.
reproductive stage
d.
nonreproductive stage
e.
parareproductive stage
65. The departure of individuals from a population is called ____.
a.
immigration
b.
emigration
c.
the prereproductive stage
d.
inertia
e.
ecological succession
Matching
Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.
a.
interspecific competition
b.
predation
c.
parasitism
d.
mutualism
e.
commensalism
f.
mimicry
DIFFICULTY:
BLOOM’S: Understand
REFERENCES:
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1 - Summarize the five types of interactions among species.
66. A tiny fish called a wrasse lives in and around the mouth of sharks. It cleans up the debris left after the shark eats
flesh, and it gains protection by living in the shark’s mouth.
67. Epiphytes are plants that live on the branches or trunks of trees in the tropics. The epiphyte gains access to water and
sunlight, but does not hurt or help the tree.
68. Fleas live in and on household pets.
69. A kestrel (small hawk) and red-tailed hawk hunt for rodents in the same grassy meadow.
70. Your housecat kills the mice in your yard and around your house.
71. The Owl Butterfly is native to Costa Rica. Its hindwings have patterns in the shape and size of the eyes of a large owl.
72. Clownfish live amongst the stinging tentacles of sea anemone. They keep the sea anemone tentacles clean by eating
the debris, and they gain protection from other animals by living in the tentacles.
73. Sea lampreys attach themselves to fish such as trout.
74. A common tick is an example of a(n) ____________________.
75. The most common interaction among species is ____________________, which occurs when members of one or
more species interact to use the same limited resources such as food, water, light, and space.
76. The relationship between a lion and a zebra is said to be that of a(n) ____________________.
77. The interaction between a lion and a hyena fighting over a dead zebra on the African Savannah is best described as
____________________.
78. Specialized traits or behaviors that allow a reduction of interspecific competition through species specialization in
resource use, allow for _________________________.
79. ____________________ is the combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population.
80. The cattle egret is a large North American bird that commonly sits on the backs of grazing cattle and eats insects that
pester the cattle. This is an example of ____________________.
81. Cowbirds are so named because they followed the large herds of cows that were driven throughout the American west
before large tracts of land were fenced. Cowbirds consumed the insects that invariably followed the herds. There was no
obvious benefit or other effect on the herds. This is an example of ____________________.
82. A(n) ____________ is a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species.
83. Four variables govern changes in population size— births, deaths, __________________ and emigration.
84. The blood-sucking lamprey, which attaches to its host to feed, is an example of a(n) _____________________.
85. The range of variations in its physical and chemical environment under which an ecosystem can survive is known as
its range of ____________________.
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
86. A(n) ____________________ shows the percentages of the members of a population surviving at different ages.
87. Some predators hide in plain sight before ambushing their prey by virtue of their ____________________.
88. Southern sea otters are considered a(n) ____________________ species because they help control sea urchin
populations to sustain kelp forests.
89. Some spiders and poisonous snakes use venom to paralyze their prey and to deter their predators. This is known as
__________________.
90. When populations of two different species interact over time in a way that drives changes in their gene pools, it can be
said that __________________ occurs.
Subjective Short Answer
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
Figure 5.2
91. Does the feeding behavior illustrated in the accompanying diagram result in increased interspecific competition or
decreased interspecific competition?
92. Why do viceroy butterflies mimic the appearance of monarch butterflies?
93. Explain the difference between inertia and resilience in ecosystems.
94. Describe what it would mean for a population of a species to have an early loss survivorship curve.
95. Explain why a population might follow an S-shaped curve of growth.
96. Clearly describe in what ways predation is actually beneficial to the prey population.
97. Explain why primary ecological succession usually takes hundreds or thousands of years, while secondary ecological
succession can occur much more quickly.
98. Explain how a population’s age structure affects whether it will grow or decline.
99. State briefly the known threats to kelp forests.
100. Explain why r-selected species may go through irregular and unstable boom-and-bust cycles in their population
sizes.
