Chapter 05 – The Central Nervous System
46. Throughout the entire CNS, white matter consists mostly of densely packaged neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites,
in addition to most glial cells.
a.
True
b.
False
False
47. The latest technology for studying neurons is called optogenetics.
a.
True
b.
False
48. The brain displays a degree of plasticity, which is an ability to genetically remodel in response to the demands placed
on it.
a.
True
b.
False
False
49. The primary areas of cortical specialization for language are Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area.
a.
True
b.
False
True
50. Emerging evidence suggests that dyslexia stems from a deficit in phonological processing.
a.
True
b.
False
True
51. The cortex has a default mode network that is most active when the mind wanders.
a.
True
b.
False
True
52. The amygdala is especially important in processing inputs that give rise to the sensations of happiness and pleasure.
a.
True
b.
False
False
53. The basal nuclei play an important inhibitory role in sensory control.
a.
True
b.
False
False
54. Prozac is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).
a.
True
b.
False
True
55. Information lost from short-term memory is temporarily forgotten, but information in long-term storage is often
forgotten permanently.
a.
True
b.
False
False
56. Sensitization is defined as increased responsiveness to mild stimuli following a strong or noxious stimulus.
a.
True
b.
False
Chapter 05 – The Central Nervous System
True
57. The hippocampus is a prominent site where LTD takes place and is also crucial for consolidation of short-term
memory.
a.
True
b.
False
False
58. The prefrontal cortex is largely responsible for the so-called “executive” functions.
a.
True
b.
False
True
59. The vestibulocerebellum is important for maintaining balance and controls eye movements.
a.
True
b.
False
True
60. Slow-wave sleep occurs in three stages, each displaying progressively slower EEG waves of higher frequency.
a.
True
b.
False
False
61. The vegetative state is characterized by long sleep–wake cycles and detectable awareness.
a.
True
b.
False
False
62. Sleep is not accompanied by a reduction in neural activity, but rather by a profound change in activity.
a.
True
b.
False
True
63. Afferent fibers carrying incoming signals from peripheral receptors enter the spinal cord through the ventral horn.
a.
True
b.
False
False
64. An example of a cranial reflex is constriction of the pupils of your eyes in response to bright light.
a.
True
b.
False
True
65. The stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex because the only synapse in the reflex arc is the one between the thalamus
and the hypothalamus.
a.
True
b.
False
False
66. The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into the ____________________ nervous system and the
____________________ nervous system.
67. Motor neurons belong to the ____________________ part of the peripheral nervous system.
somatic
68. The space between the arachnoid layer and the underlying pia mater, the ____________________ space, is filled with
CSF.
69. ____________________ are contractile cells that wrap around capillary endothelial cells throughout the body.
70. Cortical areas that control output to skeletal muscles have a thickened layer V, which contains an abundance of large
neurons known as ____________________ cells.
71. ____________________ is the awareness of body position.
72. The primary auditory cortex is located in the ____________________ lobe of the brain.
73. The motor cortex is activated by a widespread pattern of neuronal discharge, called the ____________________.
74. In most people, the areas of the brain responsible for language ability are found in ____________________
hemisphere(s).
75. The ____________________ association cortex is the part of the brain that “brainstorms” or thinks.
76. The ____________________ cerebral hemisphere excels in logical, analytical, sequential, and verbal tasks, such as
math, language forms, and philosophy.
77. The ____________________ serves as a “relay station” for preliminary processing of sensory input.
78. The limbic system is not a separate structure, but a(n) ____________________ system consisting of a ring of
forebrain structures that surround the brain stem.
79. ____________________ is the ability to direct behavior toward specific goals.
80. Storage of acquired information is accomplished in at least two stages: ____________________ memory and
____________________ memory.
81. The storage capacity of the long-term memory bank is ____________________ (larger/smaller) than the capacity of
short-term memory.
82. ____________________ amnesia is the inability to consolidate memory in long-term storage for later retrieval.
83. The major orchestrator of the complex reasoning skills associated with working memory is the
____________________ association cortex.
84. The ____________________ plays a role in planning and initiating voluntary activity by providing input to the
cortical motor areas.
85. A widespread network of interconnected neurons called the ____________________ runs throughout the entire brain
stem and into the thalamus.
86. The only cranial nerve that does NOT arise from the brain stem is the ____________________ nerve.
87. A delta rhythm in the brain is associated with deep ____________________ slow-wave sleep.
88. The spinal cord ends (terminates) in rootlets called the ____________________.
Chapter 05 – The Central Nervous System
89. Autonomic nerve fibers supplying cardiac and smooth muscle and exocrine glands originate at cell bodies found in the
____________________ horn.
90. The neural pathway involved in accomplishing reflex activity is known as a(n) ____________________, which
typically includes ____________________ basic components.
Figure 5-6
Answer the following questions using the accompanying figure.
91. Which number in the accompanying figure shows where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exits the fourth ventricle at the
base of the brain?
a.
1
Chapter 05 – The Central Nervous System
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
92. Which number in the accompanying figure shows where CSF is reabsorbed from the subarachnoid space into the
venous blood across the arachnoid villi?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
93. Which number in the accompanying figure shows where CSF is produced by the choroid plexuses?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
94. Which number in the accompanying figure shows where CSF flows in the subarachnoid space between the meningeal
layers?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
d
95. Which number in the accompanying figure shows where CSF circulates throughout the ventricles?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
b
96. Outline the organization and subdivisions of the nervous system.
97. Discuss how two new projects (launched in 2013) will advance knowledge of the brain based on the study of how
neurons are functionally linked.
98. List the nine functions of the hypothalamus.
99. Explain the concept of working memory.
100. Describe the three major uses of an electroencephalogram (EEG).