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Multiple Choice
1. Child care provided for children before or after school hours or during vacation is called
a.
preschool.
b.
extended day care.
c.
Montessori.
d.
egocentric.
2. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 allows qualified employees to take how much unpaid leave per
year?
a.
2 weeks
b.
6 weeks
c.
12 weeks
d.
36 weeks
3. Of the following, which is the most significant predictor of quality in child care?
a.
The teacher’s gender
b.
The cost of the program
c.
Whether or not the caregiver has specialized training in child development
d.
Where the center is located
4. The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale is a measure used to assess which of the following?
a.
Quality in child care settings
b.
Playground equipment
c.
Parents’ attitudes toward child care
d.
IQ (intelligence)
5. Early childhood classrooms with smaller groups and trained teachers allow teachers to
a.
engage in more social interaction with the children.
b.
buy more books for the program.
c.
assume more authoritarian roles.
d.
engage in less parent–teacher communication.
6. Researchers have identified factors contributing to “less-than-optimal” quality in child care centers. Which of
the following would be on the researchers’ list?
a.
Staff turnover is high.
b.
All the caregivers have degrees in child development.
c.
There are fewer children per adult.
d.
The staff is paid well.
7. Mason and Duberstein (1992) found that parents focused on which of the following when choosing child
care?
a.
Availability
b.
Affordability
c.
Both availability and affordability
d.
Neither availability nor affordability
8. The process of supporting a person, group, or cause is called
a.
advocacy.
b.
engagement.
c.
compromise.
d.
enrichment.
9. The accreditation of child care centers is done by the _________, whereas the accreditation of family day
care homes is through the _________.
a.
NAEYC; NAFCC
b.
NAFCC; NAEYC
c.
INA; CPR
d.
None of these
10. Janet provides child care in her home 5 days per week. Which of the following is true about Janet?
a.
She was required to go through an accreditation process (through the NAFCC) for her home day care.
b.
She had the option of going through an accreditation process (through the NAFCC) for her home day
care.
c.
She would only be required to go through an accreditation process (through the NAFCC) if she had
more than 10 children in her care.
d.
There is not an accreditation process for family day care homes.
11. The day nurseries of the mid-19th century could best be described as
a.
developmental.
b.
custodial.
c.
unnecessary.
d.
limited to the upper class.
12. In the United States, the first cooperative nursery school was established at which of the following?
a.
The St. Louis World’s fair
b.
The University of Chicago
c.
The University of Houston
d.
A Russian cultural center in Chicago
13. Which is an argument used against federal funding for early care and education programs?
a.
Families should be able to care for their own without outside assistance.
b.
Public money spent to enhance the early childhood years is more beneficial than public money spent
to correct a deficiency in later childhood.
c.
Of children with employed mothers, approximately 80% of those aged 5 and younger are in a child
care arrangement for an average of almost 40 hours per week.
d.
The period in a child’s life from birth to age 5 is critical for the development of physical, emotional,
social, and cognitive skills.
14. Which of the following was a finding in the research conducted by Spitz (1946)?
a.
It was better for infants to be raised by their mothers than it was for infants to be raised by group care
in a foundling home.
b.
It was better for infants to be raised in a foundling home than in prison.
c.
It made no difference who raised the infants.
d.
It was better for infants to be raised by their mothers in prison only if the mother was over 35.
15. The Skeels (1966) study showed that
a.
children need do not need care and nurturance to develop normally.
b.
baby monkeys cling to their mothers when frightened.
c.
infants who are initially deprived can grow up normally if caring, nurturing adults intervene.
d.
infants cannot be separated from their mothers.
16. According to Belsky (1988, 1992), full-time child care (more than 20 hours per week)
a.
is not linked to emotional development in later childhood.
b.
is linked to increased risk for emotional problems in later childhood.
c.
has not been studied.
d.
is not related to attachment.
17. According to your text, the latest research indicates that children who attend quality child care programs are
_________ attached to their mothers than children who are cared for at home.
a.
more negatively
b.
more insecurely
c.
similarly
d.
more
18. When looking at attachment, one should consider the possibility of differences in _________ among infants
who attend child care and those who do not.
a.
coping style
b.
mothers
c.
number of hours in care
d.
all of these
19. Compared to other children, research finds that children who have been in full-time child care programs are
a.
more socially competent.
b.
less aggressive.
c.
more fearful.
d.
more compliant with adult demands.
20. According to your text, the intellectual performance of children who attend a quality day care program is
_________ that of children from similar family backgrounds who do not attend a day care program.
a.
higher than
b.
lower than
c.
about the same as
d.
none of these; research has not measured this aspect.
21. The best type of intervention for “at-risk” children is one that
a.
reinforces the family as a child-rearing system.
b.
rakes over the family role.
c.
becomes the primary source of affection for the child.
d.
excludes parents from the program.
22. Influences on socialization outcomes in child care settings include which of the following?
a.
Family socioeconomic status
b.
Family structure
c.
Parental educational level
d.
All of these
23. The care settings most often used for infants and toddlers are
a.
relatives, family day care homes, and day care centers.
b.
relatives, friends, and older neighbors.
c.
day-care centers and schools.
d.
family day care homes and day care centers only.
24. Where would we most expect to find unsupervised children?
a.
Day care centers
b.
Low-income communities
c.
In homes where mothers work full-time and parents are divorced or separated
d.
In communities with high adult-to-child ratios (more adults per child)
25. Elena is 11. Elena walks home from school and lets herself into the house with her own house key. In this
respect, Elena is similar to about what percentage of children in fourth through eighth grade?
a.
1%
b.
10%
c.
22%
d.
50%
26. Karoly (1998) followed nine early intervention programs and concluded that early child care and education
did have lasting effects. Karoly’s study included which of the following characteristics?
a.
Children were randomly assigned to groups.
b.
Children were followed over 25 years.
c.
The study included objective measures, such as level of criminal activity.
d.
All of these are correct.
27. Company A is interested putting a child care center on the grounds of its new manufacturing plant. If plans
for the center go through, and Company A is similar to other companies, the company should expect which of
the following?
a.
Fewer people will be calling in “sick” for reasons related to child care.
b.
It will be easier to recruit new employees.
c.
Employees will have a more positive attitude toward their work.
d.
All of these are correct.
28. The cognitively oriented curriculum
a.
does not allow exploration and experimentation on the part of the child.
b.
strives to apply Piaget’s theory to the classroom.
c.
relies heavily on reward and punishment.
d.
is teacher-directed.
29. Piaget’s term for the state of balance between assimilation and accommodation is
a.
sensorimotor.
b.
conservation.
c.
equilibrium.
d.
direct instruction.
30. Which of the following can be characterized as “thinking based on appearances”?
a.
Preoperational
b.
Concrete operational
c.
Post-operational
d.
Sensorimotor
31. The sensorimotor stage differs from the preoperational stage in that in the preoperational stage, the
a.
child is using symbols consistently.
b.
child is engaged in abstract thought.
c.
child’s thinking is centered around senses and motor abilities.
d.
child’s though processes focus on assimilation.
32. A curriculum based on behaviorist principles is the
a.
direct instruction curriculum.
b.
developmental interaction curriculum.
c.
Piagetian curriculum.
d.
maturational curriculum.
33. The Montessori curriculum is
a.
leaner-directed.
b.
teacher-directed.
c.
a direct instruction curriculum.
d.
identical to the Bereiter-Engelmann program.
34. The curriculum style that is individualized to each child’s stage of development is the
a.
developmental interaction curriculum.
b.
Montessori curriculum.
c.
direct instruction curriculum.
d.
cognitively oriented curriculum.
35. Which of the following is not one of the five minds for the future curriculum, according to Howard
Gardner?
a.
The disciplined mind
b.
The cognitive mind
c.
The synthesizing mind
d.
The ethical mind
36. Ideology refers to
a.
concepts about human life and behavior.
b.
a child’s readiness to learn.
c.
developmental changes associated with the biological process of aging.
d.
coming from a different cultural or economic background than someone else.
