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1. Adler taught that we must successfully master three universal life tasks. Which of the following is not one of these
tasks?
a. Buildingfriendships
b. Establishingintimacy
c. Contributingtosociety
d. Enhancingwellness
2. __________ is often described as our perceptions regarding self, others, and the world, and includes the connecting
themes and rules of interaction that give meaning to our actions.
a. Strivingforsignificanceandsuperiority
b. Fictionalfinalism
c. Lifestyle
d. Holisticconcept
3. Which of the statements below about social interest is true?
a. While Adler considered social interest to be innate, he also believed that it must be learned, developed, and
used.
b. Adler believed most people to be incapable of developing social interest even though it was something to
which they should aspire.
c. In his later years, Adler recanted his beliefs about social interest and focused on addressing unconscious
dynamics as the key to mental health.
d. The concept of social interest was originally introduced by Freud, and Adler incorporated it into his theory.
4. Dr. Jones told Emily that her efforts to overcome her fear of test taking at school will most likely lead her to
outperform all of her classmates one day. This intervention was:
a. appropriatebecauseitwasintendedtobolsterEmily’sselfesteemandacademicselfconcept.
b. inappropriatebecauseDr.JoneswasconfusingAdler’snotionofsuperioritywiththeideathatherclient
would become superior over others.
c. not only unethical, it was illegal.
d. inappropriate because Emily will never be able to outperform her classmates.
5. Thepurposeofexaminingaclient’sfamilyconstellationisto:
a. getapictureoftheindividual’searlysocialworld.
b. bring unconscious factors to the surface.
c. discoverhereditaryaspectsoftheclient’sbehavior.
d. determine who else in the family needs help.
6. The social interest and community feeling refer to:
a. anindividual’sattitudeindealingwiththeirpast.
b. a sense of identification with others without empathy.
c. individuals’strivingforabetterfutureforonlythemself.
d. individuals’awarenessofbeingpartofthehumancommunityandtoindividuals’attitudesindealingwiththe
social world.
7. Thestatement“OnlywhenIamperfectcanIbesecure”isanexampleof:
a. a guiding self-ideal.
b. something a personality disordered individual would say.
c. a realistic goal.
d. retroflection.
8. All of the following are stages in Adlerian counseling except:
a. reorientation.
b. insight.
c. establishingatherapeuticrelationship.
d. analysisofresistance.
9. The process of encouragement in Adlerian counseling includes all of the following except:
a. helping clients focus on their resources and strengths.
b. helping clients become aware of their assets and strengths rather than dealing continually with their deficits
and liabilities.
c. helping clients recognize or accept their positive qualities.
d. helping clients understand their liabilities and weaknesses and process them in detail.
10. AnAdleriantherapistasksfortheclient’searliestrecollectionsinorderto:
a. provide a point of departure for the therapeutic venture.
b. reveal their past and reintroduce the client to the pain and heartbreak of their basic mistakes.
c. give clues as to the best way to steer the client to develop in a more positive way.
d. gain a better understanding of what memories to not process during therapy.
11. According to Adlerians, inferiority feelings:
a. are pathological.
b. lead to depression.
c. keep us from achieving our life goals.
d. create motivation to achieve mastery.
12. Dr. Kane pointed out to her client John that his feelings of inadequacy at work seem reminiscent of the feelings he
experienced in his family of origin. It is probable that Dr. Kane was:
a. crossingtheoreticalboundariesbyreferringtoJohn’spast.
b. lookingforcontinuitybypayingattentiontothemesrunningthroughJohn’slife.
c. trying to get John to tap into the unconscious realm by having him explore painful memories related to his
family of origin.
d. hoping her intervention would promote transference, which could then be worked through.
13. Adlerians view the use of techniques in counseling as:
a. geared to the phase of therapy and the needs of the client.
b. more important than paying attention to the subjective experiences of the client.
c. against their basic philosophy.
d. unethical.
14. Which of the following techniques is not used in Adlerian family counseling?
a. Immediacy
b. Paradoxicalintention
c. Analyzing resistances between members of the family
d. The push-button technique
15. Adlerian therapy has a phenomenological orientation. Thus, the therapist attempts to view the world from:
a. an objective frame of reference.
b. his or her own subjective frame of reference.
c. theclient’sframeofreference.
d. the frame of reference of a particular theory.
16. Which of the following statements is not true about Alfred Adler?
a. He created child guidance clinics.
b. His early childhood was happy.
c. He worked with Freud for at least eight years.
d. He had much to say about child-rearing practices.
17. When Adler spoke of individuality, he referred to the unique way we:
a. rewrite our own life script.
b. deal with the crises of our development.
c. confront our unfinished business.
d. develop our own style of striving for competence.
18. “Fictionalfinalism”isanAdleriantermmeaning:
a. the unrealistic ideas that we have about the way life should be.
b. our strict adherence to certain beliefs that are not based on reality.
c. an imagined central goal that guides our behavior.
d. our stubborn resistance to change.
19. In helping clients to examine their mistaken goals and faulty assumptions, an Adlerian therapist does not use:
a. encouragement.
b. challenge and confrontation.
c. open-ended interpretations.
d. interpretation of the transference relationship.
20. Which of the following aspects is notassessedwhenexploringaclient’sfamilyconstellation?
a. Birth order
b. Interactions between siblings and parents
c. The relationship between the parents and the pediatrician
d. Thechild’spsychologicalpositioninthefamily
21. Which of the following is nottrueabouttheAdlerianconceptof“privatelogic”?
a. It is a result of the feelings and emotions we experience in our daily lives.
b. It provides a central psychological unity for us.
c. It is the philosophy upon which we base our lifestyle.
d. It often does not conform to the reality of social living.
22. Adler chose the name ___________________for his theoretical approach because it is based on a growth
model.
a. Individual Psychology
b. Community Psychology
c. Ego Psychology
d. Id Psychology
23. Which of these statements is not true about Alfred Adler?
a. Along with Freud and Jung, Alfred Adler was a major contributor to the initial development of the
psychodynamic approach to therapy.
b. After resigning as president of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, Adler founded the Society for Individual
Psychology.
c. Alfred Adler has been criticized by intellectuals for failing to give his brother Edmund due credit for helping
him develop his theory.
d. Adler stresses the unity of personality, contending that people can only be understood as integrated and
complete beings.
24. Adler pioneered the practice of teaching professionals through live demonstrations with parents and children
before large audiences. This is now called:
a. “openforum”familycounseling.
b. spectator therapy.
c. “onstage”familytherapy.
d. “hotseat”familycounseling.
25. One contribution of Adlerian therapy is that:
a. practitioners are given a great deal of freedom in working with their clients.
b. it offers a well-defined theory of personality.
c. many of its concepts have been supported by research.
d. it is a common-sense psychology.
26. WhoisprimarilycreditedwithpopularizingandextendingAdler’sworkbyapplyingAdlerianprinciplestogroup
work?
a. Don Dinkmeyer
b. Erik Erikson
c. H. L. Ansbacher
d. Rudolph Dreikurs
27. Which of the following did Adler not stress?
a. The unity of personality
b. Focus on early childhood experiences as determinants of later personality functioning
c. Behavior is purposeful and goal-oriented
d. A unique style of life that is an expression of life goals
28. Which child is most likely to demand center stage, tends to have difficulties in life when he or she is no longer the
center of attention, and is likely to become dependently tied to the mother?
a. Oldestchild
b. Secondchild
c. Middlechild
d. Onlychild
29. Which child tends to feel squeezed out and may develop a conviction that life is unfair and a feeling of being cheated
a. Oldestchild
b. Secondchild
c. Middlechild
d. Youngestchild
30. All of the following are life tasks that Adler taught we must successfully master except:
a. building friendships.
b. establishing intimacy.
c. contributing to society.
d. achieving self-actualization.
31. Theclient’scoreexperienceinAdleriantherapyconsistsof:
a. working through the transference relationship.
b. discovering their basic mistakes and then learning how to correct them.
c. understanding how their relationship with their parents has shaped their personality.
d. understanding how their birth order has determined the person who they are today.
32. Which of the following would an Adlerian therapist particularly value?
a. Interpretation of dreams
b. Confronting the ways the client is living dependently since early childhood
c. Modeling of communication and acting in good faith
d. Helping the client to work through the transference neurosis
33. The premise of Adlerian group work is that:
a. clients’problemsareusuallyofasocialnature.
b. earlychildhooddisturbancesareattherootoftheclient’scurrentproblems.
c. individuals are encouraged to become fully independent.
d. insight, not action, is needed for change.
34. Adlerian therapists strive to establish and maintain:
a. an egalitarian therapeutic alliance and a person-to-person relationship with their clients.
b. a legalistic therapeutic alliance and a person-to-person relationship with their clients.
c. an egalitarian therapeutic alliance without a person-to-person relationship with their clients.
d. a legalistic therapeutic alliance without a person-to-person relationship with their clients.
35. The Adlerian approach is well suited to multicultural counseling because the:
a. approach encourages clients to define themselves within their social context.
b. approach has few rigid techniques.
c. focus on early recollections allows clients to explore their past.
d. focus on a lifestyle assessment is appealing to most cultures.
36. The __________ sets forth the goals of the therapeutic process and specifies the responsibilities of both therapist
and client.
a. earlyrecollections
b. privatelogic
c. therapeuticcontract
d. therapeuticgoal
37. Adlerian psychology is a __________, holistic, optimistic, and socially embedded theory based on basic assumptions
that have woven into various theories of counseling.
a. rational
b. phenomenological
c. specific
d. constructive
38. All of the following are characteristics that form the basis for an integrative framework in brief therapy except:
a. timelimitation.
b. focus.
c. theassignmentofbehavioraltasks.
d. counselorindirectiveness.
39. Individuals may believe that it is inappropriate to reveal:
a. familyinformation.
b. personalinformation.
c. societalsecrets.
d. culturalbeliefs.
40. During the reorientation and reeducation phase the most important intervention is:
a. change.
b. encouragement.
c. makingadifference.
d. thepushbuttontechnique.
41. Alfred Adler believed that genetics and heredity are not as important as what we choose to do with the abilities and
limitations we possess.
a. True
b. False
42. Adlerians have a teleological view of human nature.
a. True
b. False
43. Adler and Freud created very different theories, even though both men grew up in the same city in the same era
and were educated as physicians at the same university.
a. True
b. False
44. Adlerian therapists pay careful focus to techniques and work in structured, set ways.
a. True
b. False
45. Adler maintained that individuals attempt to overcome feelings of basic inferiority by developing a lifestyle in which
success is possible.
a. True
b. False
46. InAdler’sviewwecanbefullyunderstoodonlyinlightofknowingthepurposesandgoalstowardwhichweare
striving.
a. True
b. False
47. Adleriansmaintainthatchangeisnotpossiblewithoutinsight;understandingthecausesofone’sproblemsisa
prerequisite to behavioral change.
a. True
b. False
48. Adlerian counseling focuses on the family constellation and the influence of the family on the individual.
a. True
b. False
49. Encouragement is a part of the Adlerian counseling process.
a. True
b. False
50. Adlerians typically do not use techniques of interpretation, for they believe that clients can make their own
interpretations without therapist intervention.
a. True
b. False
51. From the Adlerian perspective, objective reality is more important than how we interpret reality and the meanings we
attach to what we experience.
a. True
b. False
52. Adlerians emphasize reeducating people and reshaping society.
a. True
b. False
53. For Adlerian counselors, techniques are helpful when adapted to the needs of the client.
a. True
b. False
54. Bydiscussingaclient’searliestrecollections,anAdleriancounselorhopestobringunconsciousconflictstothe
surface.
a. True
b. False
55. Adler stressed that our desire to strive for perfection is learned from our parents.
a. True
b. False
56. One Adlerian concept is that everything we do is influenced by our style of life.
a. True
b. False
57. “Fictionalfinalism”isatermthatAdleriansusetodescribeourattitudeindealingwiththesocialworld.
a. True
b. False
58. ClientsareviewedbyAdleriantherapistsas“sick”andinneedofacure.
a. True
b. False
59. Theconceptoflifestylereferstoanindividual’scorebeliefsandassumptionsthroughwhichthepersonorganizeshis
or her reality and finds meaning in life events.
a. True
b. False
60. Adlerians maintain that the priorities we choose arise from our personality strengths.
a. True
b. False
61. Adlerian views of birth order and family constellation are highly relevant to individuals from all cultural contexts.
a. True
b. False
62. Research supporting the effectiveness of the Adlerian approach is limited.
a. True
b. False
63. The Adlerian approach has a wide variety of applications including group and family therapy.
a. True
b. False
64. The Adlerian approach to family counseling focuses on the family atmosphere.
a. True
b. False
65. Adlerian therapists use a psychoeducational approach.
a. True
b. False
66. It is easy to overestimate the contributions of Adler to contemporary therapeutic practice.
a. True
b. False
67. Adlerian psychology is a phenomenological, holistic, optimistic, and socially embedded theory based on basic
assumptions that have been woven into various theories of counseling.
a. True
b. False
68. The typical second child behaves as if she was in a race and is generally under full steam at all times.
a. True
b. False
69. Adlerian therapists realize that clients do not become discouraged and function effectively because of mistaken
beliefs, faulty values, and useless or self-absorbed goals.
a. True
b. False
70. Adlerian therapists strive to establish and maintain an egalitarian therapeutic alliance and a person-to-person
relationship with their clients.
a. True
b. False
