Chapter 05 – Biodiversity – Species Interactions – and Population Control
True / False
1. When two species compete with one another for the same resource, their niches overlap.
a.
True
b.
False
True
2. A late loss population typically has high survivorship to a certain age, then high mortality.
a.
True
b.
False
True
3. Prey species are those that feed directly on all or part of another organism.
a.
True
b.
False
4. The venom of a poisonous snake is an example of secondary ecological succession.
a.
True
b.
False
False
5. Most interspecific competition involves one species becoming more efficient than others in obtaining the resources it
needs.
a.
True
b.
False
True
6. A population’s growth rate will increase after the population reaches its carrying capacity.
a.
True
Chapter 05 – Biodiversity – Species Interactions – and Population Control
b.
False
False
7. The human population can maintain an exponential growth rate indefinitely because we are exempt from population
crashes.
a.
True
b.
False
False
8. When populations of two different species interact over a long period of time, changes in the gene pool of populations
of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other— a process called commensalism.
a.
True
b.
False
False
9. The process of secondary ecological succession would typically follow a forest fire.
a.
True
b.
False
True
10. Bacteria in the digestive systems of animals that help to break down the animals’ food, and in return receive a
sheltered habitat and food, are examples of mutualism.
a.
True
b.
False
True
11. Epiphytes are parasitic plants that grow on trees.
a.
True
b.
False
False
12. Individuals within a population may also have slightly different tolerance ranges for temperature or other factors
because of small differences in their genetic makeup, health, or age.
a.
True
b.
False
True
13. Some ecosystems, like tropical rain forests, have high inertia but aren’t very resilient.
a.
True
b.
False
True
14. Predation is the only form that interspecific competition takes.
a.
True
b.
False
False
15. A population’s age structure is usually defined in terms of organisms in the prereproductive stage, reproductive stage,
and postreproductive stage.
a.
True
b.
False
True
16. Different limiting factors are important for different kinds of environments.
a.
True
b.
False
True
17. K-selected species tend to be opportunists.
a.
True
b.
False
False
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.2.2 – Contrast the two extreme reproductive patterns of species.
18. Southern sea otters were hunted to extinction in the early 1900s.
a.
True
b.
False
False
Core Case Study: The Southern Sea Otter: A Species in Recovery
19. Resource partitioning reduces the number of species that can share a given resource.
a.
True
b.
False
False
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
20. Scientists hypothesize that some southern sea otters might be dying because coastal area cat owners flush cat litter
containing parasites in feces down their toilets or dump it in storm drains that empty into coastal waters.
a.
True
b.
False
True
Core Case Study: The Southern Sea Otter: A Species in Recovery
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1 – Summarize the five types of interactions among species.
21. Competition within a species is called ____.
a.
specific competition
b.
interspecific competition
c.
intraspecific competition
d.
commensalism
e.
partitioning
Chapter 05 – Biodiversity – Species Interactions – and Population Control
c
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1 – Summarize the five types of interactions among species.
22. Two bird species that evolve to eat different insect species to reduce competition are demonstrating ____.
a.
resource partitioning
b.
commensalism
c.
mutualism
d.
mimicry
e.
resilience
a
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
23. Sea otters play a role in maintaining the biodiversity of which ecosystem?
a.
tidal pools
b.
coastal kelp forests
c.
coastal sandy beaches
d.
open ocean areas
e.
estuaries
Core Case Study: The Southern Sea Otter: A Species in Recovery
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1 – Summarize the five types of interactions among species.
24. One threat to kelp forests is ____.
a.
polluted water running off the land and into coastal waters
b.
human consumption
c.
increasing forest fires
d.
growing populations of sharks
e.
soil erosion
a
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1 – Summarize the five types of interactions among species.
25. Hawks typically forage for their rodent prey species during the daytime. While owls may eat similar prey species, and
live in the same area, they forage during the night. This is best described as an example of ____.
a.
interspecific competition
b.
mutualism
c.
parasitism
d.
predation
Chapter 05 – Biodiversity – Species Interactions – and Population Control
e.
resource partitioning
e
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
26. Some species have evolved warning coloration, which ____.
a.
blinds their prey
b.
makes them look large and intimidating
c.
signals that they are about to attack
d.
advertises that they are bad-tasting, bad-smelling, or stinging
e.
signals to others in their group that they should flee
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1.3 – Discuss how predator-prey relationships can drive evolution.
27. The obvious relationship demonstrated by a food chain is ____.
a.
competition
b.
predation
c.
parasitism
d.
mutualism
e.
commensalism
28. Some prey species use ____ to scare off predators by puffing up (blowfish), spreading their wings (peacocks), or
mimicking a predator.
a.
camouflage
b.
chemical warfare
c.
parasitism
d.
commensalism
e.
behavioral strategies
e
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1 – Summarize the five types of interactions among species.
29. You are an evolutionary entomologist. You have observed beetles that can raise their abdomens and give off a
defensive chemical that generally repels predators. You discover a new species of beetle that raises its abdomen in a
threatening way similar to the first species, but no defensive chemical is given off. You are most likely to characterize this
defensive strategy as a form of ____.
Chapter 05 – Biodiversity – Species Interactions – and Population Control
a.
camouflage
b.
chemical warfare
c.
mimicry
d.
flight mechanism
e.
warning coloration
c
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1 – Summarize the five types of interactions among species.
30. Species that have a capacity for a high rate of population increase are called ____.
a.
logistic species
b.
s-curve species
c.
postreproductive species
d.
r-selected species
e.
commensalism species
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.2.2 – Contrast the two extreme reproductive patterns of species.
31. A relationship in which one organism benefits by living on or in a member of another species, which is harmed by the
interaction, best illustrates ____.
a.
competition
b.
predation
c.
mutualism
d.
parasitism
e.
commensalism
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1.4 – Contrast parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
32. A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed to any significant degree best
illustrates ____.
a.
competition
b.
predation
c.
commensalism
d.
parasitism
e.
mutualism
c
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1.4 – Contrast parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
33. A relationship in which both species benefit best illustrates ____.
a.
competition
b.
predation
c.
mutualism
d.
parasitism
e.
commensalism
c
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1.4 – Contrast parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
34. Some bats prey on certain moths, hunting them using echolocation. Some of those moths have evolved ears sensitive
to the sound frequencies bats use to locate them, helping them to avoid being caught. The bats, in turn, have evolved to
change the frequency they use. This interaction is an example of ____.
a.
resource partitioning
b.
intraspecific competition
c.
parasitism
d.
coevolution
e.
mutualism
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1.3 – Discuss how predator-prey relationships can drive evolution.
35. Tapeworms live inside and may harm their hosts by drawing nourishment from them. This interaction is an example of
____.
a.
commensalism
b.
parasitism
c.
carrying capacity
d.
mutualism
e.
resilience
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1.4 – Contrast parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
36. Clownfish usually live within sea anemones, whose tentacles sting and paralyze most fish that touch them. The
clownfish, which are not harmed by the tentacles, gain protection from predators and feed on the waste matter left from
the anemone’s meals. The clownfish protect the sea anemones from some of their predators and parasites. The relationship
between clownfish and sea anemones is ____.
a.
competition
b.
carrying capacity
c.
parasitism
d.
mutualism
e.
commensalism
Chapter 05 – Biodiversity – Species Interactions – and Population Control
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1.4 – Contrast parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
37. The normally gradual change in species composition in a given area in response to changing environmental conditions
is called ____.
a.
background coevolution
b.
intraspecific competition
c.
inertia
d.
ecological succession
e.
commensalism
5.2 How Do Communities and Ecosystems Respond to Changing Environmental Conditions?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.3.1 – Differentiate between primary and secondary ecological succession.
38. Carrying capacity refers to ____.
a.
reproductive rate
b.
the relationship between birth rate and mortality
c.
the maximum population size that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely
d.
the proportion of males to females
e.
the intrinsic rate of increase
c
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.2 – Summarize why no population can continue to grow indefinitely.
39. Which of the following could be considered a density-dependent limiting factor?
a.
temperature
b.
precipitation
c.
dissolved oxygen content of water
d.
disease
e.
water depth
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
40. As a population approaches the carrying capacity of its habitat, the ____-shaped curve of its exponential growth is
converted to a(n) ____-shaped curve of logistic growth that fluctuates around a certain level.
a.
J; S
b.
S; J
c.
I; L
Chapter 05 – Biodiversity – Species Interactions – and Population Control
d.
L; V
e.
I; U
a
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.2.3 – Illustrate the growth patterns of species using J-curves and S-curves.
41. Factors that act to limit the growth of populations are collectively called ____.
a.
carrying capacity
b.
death
c.
emigration
d.
environmental resistance
e.
environmental capacity
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.2 – Summarize why no population can continue to grow indefinitely.
42. In a certain population of rabbits one year, 25 new rabbits are born and 5 move into the population from surrounding
areas. However, 10 rabbits die, and 5 leave the population. What is the population change?
a.
no change
b.
10
c.
15
d.
25
e.
30
c
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.2 – Summarize why no population can continue to grow indefinitely.
43. A species of snake has evolved resistance to a poisonous newt, allowing the snakes to prey on the newts. The newts
have become more poisonous over time, as a result, leading to a kind of evolutionary arms race. This is an example of
____.
a.
commensalism
b.
mimicry
c.
coevolution
d.
ecological succession
e.
environmental resistance
c
5.1 How Do Species Interact?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.1.3 – Discuss how predator-prey relationships can drive evolution.
44. An exponential growth curve depicting an ever-growing population is shaped like the letter ____.
a.
J
Chapter 05 – Biodiversity – Species Interactions – and Population Control
b.
L
c.
M
d.
S
e.
U
a
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.2.3 – Illustrate the growth patterns of species using J-curves and S-curves.
45. A population crash occurs when ____.
a.
a population approaches its carrying capacity
b.
environmental resistance comes into play gradually
c.
resources are essentially unlimited
d.
a population greatly overshoots carrying capacity, and resulting environmental pressures cause effects
e.
the population growth rate slows
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.2.4 – List three factors that can lead to a population crash.
46. K-selected species ____.
a.
tend to be shaped by coevolution
b.
behave in ways that benefit each by providing each other with food, shelter, or some other resource
c.
have a capacity for a high rate of population increase
d.
tend to reproduce later in life and have a small number of offspring with fairly long life spans
e.
gain protection by looking and acting like other, more dangerous species
5.3 What Limits the Growth of Populations?
ENVS.MLSP.16.5.2.2 – Contrast the two extreme reproductive patterns of species.
47. Which term best describe the ability of a living system to be restored through secondary ecological succession after a
severe disturbance?
a.
inertia
b.
persistence
c.
constancy
d.
resilience
e.
diversity
5.2 How Do Communities and Ecosystems Respond to Changing Environmental Conditions?
48. Which of the following demonstrates primary ecological succession?