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Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
True / False
1. When two species compete with one another for the same resource, their niches overlap.
a.
True
b.
False
2. A late loss population typically has high survivorship to a certain age, then high mortality.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Prey species are those that feed directly on all or part of another organism.
a.
True
b.
False
4. The venom of a poisonous snake is an example of secondary ecological succession.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Most interspecific competition involves one species becoming more efficient than others in obtaining the resources it
needs.
a.
True
b.
False
6. A population's growth rate will increase after the population reaches its carrying capacity.
a.
True
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
b.
False
7. The human population can maintain an exponential growth rate indefinitely because we are exempt from population
crashes.
a.
True
b.
False
8. When populations of two different species interact over a long period of time, changes in the gene pool of populations
of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other— a process called commensalism.
a.
True
b.
False
9. The process of secondary ecological succession would typically follow a forest fire.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Bacteria in the digestive systems of animals that help to break down the animals’ food, and in return receive a
sheltered habitat and food, are examples of mutualism.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Epiphytes are parasitic plants that grow on trees.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Individuals within a population may also have slightly different tolerance ranges for temperature or other factors
because of small differences in their genetic makeup, health, or age.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Some ecosystems, like tropical rain forests, have high inertia but aren’t very resilient.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Predation is the only form that interspecific competition takes.
a.
True
b.
False
15. A population’s age structure is usually defined in terms of organisms in the prereproductive stage, reproductive stage,
and postreproductive stage.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Different limiting factors are important for different kinds of environments.
a.
True
b.
False
17. K-selected species tend to be opportunists.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Southern sea otters were hunted to extinction in the early 1900s.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Resource partitioning reduces the number of species that can share a given resource.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Scientists hypothesize that some southern sea otters might be dying because coastal area cat owners flush cat litter
containing parasites in feces down their toilets or dump it in storm drains that empty into coastal waters.
a.
True
b.
False
21. Competition within a species is called ____.
a.
specific competition
b.
interspecific competition
c.
intraspecific competition
d.
commensalism
e.
partitioning
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
22. Two bird species that evolve to eat different insect species to reduce competition are demonstrating ____.
a.
resource partitioning
b.
commensalism
c.
mutualism
d.
mimicry
e.
resilience
23. Sea otters play a role in maintaining the biodiversity of which ecosystem?
a.
tidal pools
b.
coastal kelp forests
c.
coastal sandy beaches
d.
open ocean areas
e.
estuaries
24. One threat to kelp forests is ____.
a.
polluted water running off the land and into coastal waters
b.
human consumption
c.
increasing forest fires
d.
growing populations of sharks
e.
soil erosion
25. Hawks typically forage for their rodent prey species during the daytime. While owls may eat similar prey species, and
live in the same area, they forage during the night. This is best described as an example of ____.
a.
interspecific competition
b.
mutualism
c.
parasitism
d.
predation
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
e.
resource partitioning
26. Some species have evolved warning coloration, which ____.
a.
blinds their prey
b.
makes them look large and intimidating
c.
signals that they are about to attack
d.
advertises that they are bad-tasting, bad-smelling, or stinging
e.
signals to others in their group that they should flee
27. The obvious relationship demonstrated by a food chain is ____.
a.
competition
b.
predation
c.
parasitism
d.
mutualism
e.
commensalism
28. Some prey species use ____ to scare off predators by puffing up (blowfish), spreading their wings (peacocks), or
mimicking a predator.
a.
camouflage
b.
chemical warfare
c.
parasitism
d.
commensalism
e.
behavioral strategies
29. You are an evolutionary entomologist. You have observed beetles that can raise their abdomens and give off a
defensive chemical that generally repels predators. You discover a new species of beetle that raises its abdomen in a
threatening way similar to the first species, but no defensive chemical is given off. You are most likely to characterize this
defensive strategy as a form of ____.
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
a.
camouflage
b.
chemical warfare
c.
mimicry
d.
flight mechanism
e.
warning coloration
30. Species that have a capacity for a high rate of population increase are called ____.
a.
logistic species
b.
s-curve species
c.
postreproductive species
d.
r-selected species
e.
commensalism species
31. A relationship in which one organism benefits by living on or in a member of another species, which is harmed by the
interaction, best illustrates ____.
a.
competition
b.
predation
c.
mutualism
d.
parasitism
e.
commensalism
32. A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed to any significant degree best
illustrates ____.
a.
competition
b.
predation
c.
commensalism
d.
parasitism
e.
mutualism
33. A relationship in which both species benefit best illustrates ____.
a.
competition
b.
predation
c.
mutualism
d.
parasitism
e.
commensalism
34. Some bats prey on certain moths, hunting them using echolocation. Some of those moths have evolved ears sensitive
to the sound frequencies bats use to locate them, helping them to avoid being caught. The bats, in turn, have evolved to
change the frequency they use. This interaction is an example of ____.
a.
resource partitioning
b.
intraspecific competition
c.
parasitism
d.
coevolution
e.
mutualism
35. Tapeworms live inside and may harm their hosts by drawing nourishment from them. This interaction is an example of
____.
a.
commensalism
b.
parasitism
c.
carrying capacity
d.
mutualism
e.
resilience
36. Clownfish usually live within sea anemones, whose tentacles sting and paralyze most fish that touch them. The
clownfish, which are not harmed by the tentacles, gain protection from predators and feed on the waste matter left from
the anemone’s meals. The clownfish protect the sea anemones from some of their predators and parasites. The relationship
between clownfish and sea anemones is ____.
a.
competition
b.
carrying capacity
c.
parasitism
d.
mutualism
e.
commensalism
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
37. The normally gradual change in species composition in a given area in response to changing environmental conditions
is called ____.
a.
background coevolution
b.
intraspecific competition
c.
inertia
d.
ecological succession
e.
commensalism
38. Carrying capacity refers to ____.
a.
reproductive rate
b.
the relationship between birth rate and mortality
c.
the maximum population size that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely
d.
the proportion of males to females
e.
the intrinsic rate of increase
39. Which of the following could be considered a density-dependent limiting factor?
a.
temperature
b.
precipitation
c.
dissolved oxygen content of water
d.
disease
e.
water depth
40. As a population approaches the carrying capacity of its habitat, the ____-shaped curve of its exponential growth is
converted to a(n) ____-shaped curve of logistic growth that fluctuates around a certain level.
a.
J; S
b.
S; J
c.
I; L
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
d.
L; V
e.
I; U
41. Factors that act to limit the growth of populations are collectively called ____.
a.
carrying capacity
b.
death
c.
emigration
d.
environmental resistance
e.
environmental capacity
42. In a certain population of rabbits one year, 25 new rabbits are born and 5 move into the population from surrounding
areas. However, 10 rabbits die, and 5 leave the population. What is the population change?
a.
no change
b.
10
c.
15
d.
25
e.
30
43. A species of snake has evolved resistance to a poisonous newt, allowing the snakes to prey on the newts. The newts
have become more poisonous over time, as a result, leading to a kind of evolutionary arms race. This is an example of
____.
a.
commensalism
b.
mimicry
c.
coevolution
d.
ecological succession
e.
environmental resistance
44. An exponential growth curve depicting an ever-growing population is shaped like the letter ____.
a.
J
Chapter 05 - Biodiversity - Species Interactions - and Population Control
b.
L
c.
M
d.
S
e.
U
45. A population crash occurs when ____.
a.
a population approaches its carrying capacity
b.
environmental resistance comes into play gradually
c.
resources are essentially unlimited
d.
a population greatly overshoots carrying capacity, and resulting environmental pressures cause effects
e.
the population growth rate slows
46. K-selected species ____.
a.
tend to be shaped by coevolution
b.
behave in ways that benefit each by providing each other with food, shelter, or some other resource
c.
have a capacity for a high rate of population increase
d.
tend to reproduce later in life and have a small number of offspring with fairly long life spans
e.
gain protection by looking and acting like other, more dangerous species
47. Which term best describe the ability of a living system to be restored through secondary ecological succession after a
severe disturbance?
a.
inertia
b.
persistence
c.
constancy
d.
resilience
e.
diversity
48. Which of the following demonstrates primary ecological succession?
