25. The relationship between business ethics and age
a. shows a negative correlation.
b. is simple. Greater experience leads to better ethical decision making.
c. is complex, although experience helps older employees make ethical decisions.
d. suggests that employees with less experience have a greater ability to deal with complex industry-specific
ethical issues.
e. does not demonstrate a statistically significant correlation.
26. Employees that see themselves as going with the flow because that’s all they can do have a(n)
a. external locus of control.
b. moral intensity
c. obedience to authority
d. opportunity
e. internal locus of control.
27. For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions, which of the following is not a usual
justification to reduce and eliminate guilt?
a. I need a paycheck and can’t afford to quit right now.
b. Those around me are doing it so why shouldn’t I?
c. If I don’t do this, I might not be able to get a good reference from my boss when I leave.
d. If I don’t do this, I might never be promoted.
e. This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct, so it is okay.
28. is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension.
a. Ethical issue intensity
b. Locus of control
c. Ethical awareness
d. Moral intensity
e. Opportunity
29.
others.
relates to individuals’ perceptions of social pressure and the harm they believe their decisions will have on
a. Ethical awareness
b. Moral intensity
c. Individual factors
d. Ethical issue intensity
e. Social awareness
30. The ethical decision making process in business includes all of the following except
a. Individual factors
b. Opportunity
c. Ethical issue intensity
d. Making ethical decisions
e. Organizational factors
31. culture involves values and norms that prescribe a wide range of behavior for organizational members, while
culture reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors, including corporate policies,
top management’s leadership on ethical issues, the influence of coworkers, and the opportunity for unethical
behavior.
a. Ethical, corporate
b. External, internal
c. Corporate, ethical
d. Positive, negative
e. Compromising, collaborative
32. All of the following are true with regards to organizational factors except
a. Employees approach ethical issues on the basis of what they learned from others in the organization.
b. An alignment between a person’s own values and the values of the organization help create positive
organizational outcomes.
c. Congruence in personal and organizational values is related to commitment, satisfaction, motivation, ethics,
work stress, and anxiety.
d. Ethical choices in organizations are most often made individually.
e. Just as a family guides an individual, specific industries give behavioral cues to firms.
33. The includes the motivational “carrots and sticks” superiors use to influence employee behavior.
a. Obedience to authority
b. Immediate job context
c. Locus of control
d. Normative approach
e. Descriptive approach
34. All of the following are true with regards to opportunity and ethical decision making except
a. Despite the existence of rules, misconduct can still occur without proper oversight.
b. The opportunities that employees have for unethical behavior in an organization can be eliminated through
formal codes, policies, and rules adequately enforced by management.
c. Opportunity also comes from knowledge.
d. The opportunity for unethical behavior can be eliminated with aggressive enforcement of codes and rules.
e. Opportunity results from conditions that either provide rewards or fail to erect barriers against unethical
behavior.
35. When we discuss
issue.
a. Normative
b. Individual
c. Descriptive
d. Organizational
e. Values-based
approaches, we are talking about how organizational decision makers should approach an
36. By incorporating objectives into corporate core values, companies begin to view as significant.
a. shareholder, stakeholders
b. stakeholder, shareholders
c. CEO, CEOs
d. customer, customers
e. stakeholder, stakeholders
37. Normative business ethics takes into account the
standards.
a. Descriptive
b. Political
c. Social
d. Economic
e. Normative
realities outside the legal realm in the form of industry
38. institutions include religion, education, and individuals such as the family unit.
a. Social
b. Conservative
c. Economic
d. Liberal
e. Political
39. All of the following are true regarding institutions except
a. Stakeholders closely align with institutions.
b. The regulatory system aligns with political institutions.
c. There is no clear link between institutional theory and the stakeholder orientation of management.
d. Competition relates to economic institutions.
e. Personal values and norms derive from social institutions.
40. High levels of create a higher probability that firms cut corners because margins are usually low.
a. Profit
b. Return
c. Cooperation
d. Competition
e. Loss
41. The thought experiment used by John Rawls that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not
know what their future position in society would be is called
a. Equality principle
b. Utilitarian veil
c. Liberty principle
d. Universal principle
e. Veil of ignorance
42. The states that economic and social equalities should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-
advantaged members of society.
a. Equality principle
b. Difference principle
c. Constitutional principle
d. Liberty principle
e. Justice principle
43. Values have all the following characteristics except
a. Provides guidance to organizations
b. Subjective and related to choice
c. Widely accepted
d. Used to develop norms
e. Differs across cultures and firms
44. Companies take basic and translate them into core .
a. Customs, values
b. Values, principles
c. Cultures, principles
d. Cultures, customs
e. Principles, values
45. Organizations that have ethics programs based on a orientation are found to make a greater contribution than
those based simply on compliance, or obeying laws and regulations.
a. Customer
b. Political
c. Principles
d. Values
e. Social
46. The ethical decision-making framework includes the concepts of ethical issue intensity, individual factors,
organizational factors, and opportunity. Discuss how these concepts influence the ethical decision–making process.
47. Trace the ethical decision-making process. You may find it helpful to apply the model to a real business situation or
to a hypothetical ethical issue you develop yourself.
48. Discuss how the three categories of institutions (political, economic, and social) are important in establishing a
foundation for normative values.
49. Describe and demonstrate some of the similarities and differences between principles and values. Why are principles
and values important normative considerations in ethical decision making?
50. Discuss, with examples, at least three ways that opportunity can affect the decision making process.