70. A supportive cell wall is found surrounding the plasma membrane of each of the following types of
cells EXCEPT ____.
a.
plant cells
b.
fungal cells
c.
many types of protists
d.
animal cells
e.
bacterial cells
71. The endomembrane system is involved in each of the following functions EXCEPT ____.
a.
DNA synthesis
b.
synthesis of proteins
c.
synthesis of lipids
d.
transport of proteins to outside the cell
e.
detoxification of some toxins
72. The Golgi complex regulates transport of proteins to all of the following locations EXCEPT ____.
a.
lysosomes
b.
the cell membrane
c.
the exterior of the cell
d.
the nucleus
e.
transport vesicles
73. Functions of the cytoskeleton include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a.
sperm motility
b.
amoeboid motion
c.
skeletal muscle contraction
d.
cell division
e.
autophagy
74. In the human body, cilia play an important role in the function of each of the following organs
EXCEPT ____.
a.
ventricles of the brain
b.
oviducts of the female reproductive system
c.
upper respiratory tract
d.
ventricles of the heart
116
75. The functions of microbodies include all the following EXCEPT ____.
a.
ATP synthesis
b.
breakdown of amino acids
c.
metabolism of alcohol
d.
conversion of oils to sugars in plants
e.
breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen
76. The function of the central vacuole in plants may include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a.
protein synthesis
b.
storage of salts, sugars, and proteins
c.
enzymatic digestion
d.
storage of chemical defenses against pathogens
e.
storage of waste products
77. When comparing an animal secretory cell and a photosynthetic leaf cell, both cell types are similar
EXCEPT ____.
a.
both have a Golgi complex
b.
both have a cell membrane
c.
both have mitochondria
d.
both have a cell wall
e.
both have ribosomes
78. All of the following characteristics describe glycoproteins EXCEPT ____.
a.
Glycoproteins provide support and protection.
b.
Glycoproteins are the main component of the extracellular matrix.
c.
Glycoproteins include collagen and fibronectins
d.
Glycoproteins are produced only on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
e.
Glycoproteins are found in tendons, cartilage, and bone.
MATCHING
Match each of the following types of microscopy with the description that best describes it.
a.
Utilizes a thin beam of electrons to examine structures within a cell.
b.
Utilizes lasers to scan a fluorescently stained specimen; a computer focuses the laser to
show a single plane through a cell.
c.
Utilizes differences in the way light is bent (refraction) in areas of various cellular density
to visualize living cells.
d.
Requires light passing through the specimen; typically involves staining with dye to
enhance contrast. This treatment usually “fixes” and kills the cell.
e.
A beam of electrons scanned over a whole cell allows visualization of surface structures;
gives a 3D-appearing image.
117
79. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
80. Phase-contrast microscopy
81. Bright field microscopy
82. Confocal laser scanning microscopy
83. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Labeling
Identify each of the cellular structures indicated in a prokaryotic cell.
84. Cytoplasm
85. Cell wall
86. Flagellum
87. Pili
88. Ribosomes
89. Capsule
90. Plasma membrane
91. Nucleoid
118
Classification
Match each of the following cellular structures to the cell type it would be found in. An answer may be
used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.
a feature of all living cells
b.
found in prokaryotic cells only
c.
found in eukaryotic cells only
d.
found in plant cells only
e.
found in animal cells only
92. ribosome
93. nucleus
94. chloroplast
95. cell membrane
96. nucleoid
97. mitochondria
119
Classification
For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate structure of the cytoskeleton from
the list below. An answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.
microfilaments
b.
microtubules
c.
intermediate filaments
98. Involved in the process of cytoplasmic streaming
99. Comprised of the hollow cylinders of tubulin monomers
100. Comprised of two helically coiled actin monomers
101. Involved in moving chromosomes during cell division
Labeling
Identify each of the cellular structures indicated in a eukaryotic animal cell.
102. Nucleus
103. Golgi complex
104. Pair of centrioles
105. Cytosol
106. Lysosome
107. Free ribosome
108. Plasma membrane
109. Rough ER
110. Microtubules
111. Mitochondrion
112. Vesicle
113. Attached ribosomes
121
122
Labeling
Identify each of the cellular structures indicated in a eukaryotic plant cell.
114. Chloroplast
115. Plasma membrane
116. Golgi complex
117. Smooth ER
118. Nucleus
119. Free ribosomes
120. Mitochondrion
121. Cell wall
122. Central vacuole
123. Microtubules
124. Vesicle
123
Labeling
Identify the structures of a mitochondrion.
125. Matrix
126. Intermembrane compartment
127. Inner mitochrondrial membrane
128. Cristae
129. Outer mitochondrial membrane
Match each of the following cellular structures with the function that best describes it.
a.
Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.
b.
Location of genetic material.
c.
Synthesize subunits that will be used to assemble ribosomes.
d.
Site of protein synthesis.
e.
Composed of cellulose; provides support and protection.
f.
Synthesis of lipids.
g.
Conversion of fuel molecules into energy.
h.
Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
i.
Storage site in plant cells.
j.
Synthesis of proteins for secretion.
k.
Chemically modifies proteins.
l.
Membrane-bound transport structure.
130. ribosomes
131. nucleus
132. nucleoli
133. lysosomes
134. Golgi complex
135. rough ER
136. smooth ER
137. mitochondria
138. chloroplast
139. vesicle
140. central vacuole
141. cell wall
SHORT ANSWER
142. Why are viruses not considered to be living organisms?
143. If prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria, where do they produce their cellular energy?
144. In general, how are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different and how are they similar?
145. Explain how a cell isolated from the pancreas would be the same as a muscle cell. How would the two
cell types be different?
146. Compare animal and plant cells; how are they different? How are they the same?
ESSAY
147. Discuss the similarities and differences in the approaches to discovering how proteins are identified by
the import machinery in the nucleus (the nuclear localization signal) and the approach to
understanding how the complex properties of cells arise from functions and interactions of their
molecular components?
148. Why are chloroplasts and mitochondria believed to have originated from ancient prokaryotes? How is
the function and structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria similar and different?