Test Bank for Financial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making, Eighth Edition
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Describe merchandising operations and inventory systems. Because of the presence of
inventory, a merchandising company has sales revenue, cost of goods sold, and gross profit.
To account for inventory, a merchandising company must choose between a perpetual
inventory system and a periodic inventory system.
2. Record purchases under a perpetual inventory system. The Inventory account is debited
for all purchases of merchandise and for freight costs, and it is credited for purchase
discounts and purchase returns and allowances.
3. Record sales under a perpetual inventory system. When inventory is sold, Accounts
Receivable (or Cash) is debited and Sales Revenue is credited for the selling price of the
merchandise. At the same time, Cost of Goods Sold is debited and Inventory is credited for
the cost of inventory items sold. Separate contra revenue accounts are maintained for Sales
Returns and Allowances and Sales Discounts. These accounts are debited as needed to
record returns, allowances, or discounts related to the sale.
4. Prepare a multiple-step income statement and a comprehensive income statement. In a
single-step income statement, companies classify all data under two categories, revenues or
expenses, and net income is determined in one step. A multiple-step income statement
shows numerous steps in determining net income, including results of nonoperating activities.
A comprehensive income statement adds or subtracts any items of other comprehensive
income to net income to arrive at comprehensive income.
5. Determine cost of goods sold under a periodic inventory system. The periodic system
uses multiple accounts to keep track of transactions that affect inventory. To determine cost
of goods sold, first calculate cost of goods purchased by adjusting purchases for returns,
allowances, discounts, and freight-in. Then calculate cost of goods sold by adding cost of
goods purchased to beginning inventory and subtracting ending inventory.
6. Compute and analyze gross profit rate and profit margin. Profitability is affected by gross
profit, as measured by the gross profit rate, and by management’s ability to control costs, as
measured by the profit margin.
*7. Record purchases and sales of inventory under a periodic inventory system. To record
purchases, entries are required for (a) cash and credit purchases, (b) purchase returns and
allowances, (c) purchase discounts, and (d) freight costs. To record sales, entries are
required for (a) cash and credit sales, (b) sales returns and allowances, and (c) sales
discounts.