Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
Chapter 48
The Respiratory System
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding
2. Fish and crustaceans are similar in that both use _____________ for gas exchange.
3. The large number of alveoli in mammalian lungs, the numerous lamellae in fish gills, the
papulae of echinoderms, and the extensive tracheal system of insects are all adaptations that
optimize what factor in the formula for Fick’s Law of Diffusion?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
48-2
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about gas exchange? What other information is related to the
question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
4.
In the above graph, if Bracket A represents the tidal volume and Bracket B represents the
vital capacity, respectively, of a young man, what does Bracket C represent?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
48-5
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What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about the lungs? What other information is related to the
question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
5. Each breath is initiated by neurons in the “respiratory control center” located in the
6. In tissue capillaries, __________ combines with water to form carbonic acid, which after
being transported to the lungs, dissociates back to its constituents.
7. Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control
center in the brain when the blood __________ decreases.
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
8.
In the above graph, curve _______ is most likely the oxygen-binding curve for normal adult
human hemoglobin, curve _______ is most likely that of llama hemoglobin (from a llama
population that has lived in the mountains of Peru for thousands of years), and curve _______
is most likely that of myoglobin.
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
48-8
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process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
48-9
9. Ciliated gills in clams, sharks continuously swimming with their mouths partly open,
countercurrent flow of blood and water in fish gills, and the use of air sacs to effect
unidirectional flow of air through bird lungs are all adaptations that optimize what factor in
the formula for Fick’s Law of diffusion?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
48–10
Clarify Question
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What type of thinking is required?
thinking is required?
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What do you already know about diffusion? What other information is related to the
question?
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Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
10. Imagine that you have been transported light years away to another planet with water-
filled oceans. This distant planet has a barometric pressure of 1,000 mm Hg at sea level and
air that contains 15 percent O2. Would you take in much more oxygen, much less oxygen, or
about the same amount of oxygen per breath on this planet as you would on Earth?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
48–12
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process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
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Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
11. The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the
disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is
12. The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by
13. Tim, who is an avid cyclist, is struck by a car during an organized bike ride. Two of his
ribs are broken, puncturing his chest wall on the right side. What will most likely happen to
his lungs?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
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related to the question?
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process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
14. What would a graph of internal lung pressure compared to atmospheric pressure look like
during one inhalation/exhalation cycle in a frog?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
48–16
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Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
15. The most efficient lungs with respect to oxygen uptake are found in this group of
vertebrates.
16. The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere
17. Fick’s law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends
on all of the following except
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
18. The external gills of an adult axolotl are not as efficient as fish gills
because___________.
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
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question?
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Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 48 – The Respiratory System
19. Where a given species of vertebrate lives has dramatically shaped the evolution of
respiratory adaptations, particularly since the oxygen concentration in air is approximately 20
times that of the oxygen concentration in water. Per unit area of gas exchange surface, which
group of vertebrates can extract the greatest total amount of oxygen from the external
medium?
20. Four-year old Sammy is having a temper-tantrum. In a final attempt to get his way, he
yells to his mom, “I’m gonna hold my breath ‘til I die!” What is the primary reason that
Sammy’s mom is unconcerned by this statement?