CHAPTER 47—ANIMAL NUTRITION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The anglerfish obtains food by
a.
catching the fish with its appendages.
b.
emitting a scent into the water.
c.
swimming to the surface.
d.
inverting its stomach.
e.
luring the fish near its mouth.
2. During digestion
a.
carbohydrates are split into proteins.
b.
proteins are broken down into fatty acids.
c.
fatty acids are split into non-fatty acids.
d.
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are split into smaller chemical subunits.
e.
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are split into larger chemical subunits.
3. Which of the following groups consume animals?
a.
carnivores and herbivores
b.
carnivores and omnivores
c.
omnivores and herbivores
d.
carnivores only
e.
herbivores only
4. How does a calorie (lower case c) differ from a Calorie (upper case C)?
a.
One calorie = 100 Calories.
b.
One calorie = 1000 Calories.
c.
One Calorie = 100 calories.
d.
One Calorie = 1000 calories.
e.
They are the same.
5. An example of a fluid feeder is a
a.
hummingbird.
b.
lamprey.
c.
mosquito.
d.
snake.
e.
hummingbird and a mosquito.
6. Humans are an example of
a.
bulk feeders.
b.
deposit feeders.
c.
fluid feeders.
d.
suspension feeders.
e.
bulk and fluid feeders.
7. Which two animals are both classified as suspension feeders?
a.
clams and aphids
b.
clams and fiddler crabs
c.
lampreys and rabbits
d.
lampreys and rabbits
e.
whales and clams
8. What is a lysosome’s role in intracellular digestion?
a.
absorption
b.
enzymatic digestion
c.
filtration
d.
mechanical digestion
e.
produces energy
9. Choanocytes are found in ____ and participate in intracellular digestion.
a.
birds
b.
earthworms
c.
grasshoppers
d.
humans
e.
sponges
10. Which of the following statements is correct?
a.
Intracellular digestion is seen in mammals.
b.
Intracellular digestion never involves choanocytes.
c.
Extracellular digestion must involve choanocytes.
d.
Extracellular digestion may take place in a tube contained inside the body.
e.
Most animals experience both intracellular and extracellular digestion.
11. Place the following digestive structures of an Annelid in the proper order.
a.
mouth − esophagus − crop − gizzard − intestine − anus
b.
mouth − esophagus − intestine − crop − gizzard − anus
c.
mouth − esophagus − gizzard − crop − intestine − anus
d.
mouth − esophagus − crop − intestine − gizzard − anus
e.
mouth − esophagus − intestine − gizzard − crop − anus
12. The gastrovascular cavity of a flatworm serves as both the ____ and ____ systems of the body.
a.
digestive; circulatory
b.
digestive; reproductive
c.
digestive; respiratory
d.
circulatory; respiratory
e.
respiratory; reproductive
13. Place the five steps of digestion in most animals with a digestive tube in the proper order.
a.
absorption − enzymatic hydrolysis − mechanical processing − secretion of enzymes −
elimination
b.
absorption − mechanical processing − enzymatic hydrolysis − secretion of enzymes −
elimination
c.
mechanical processing − absorption − secretion of enzymes − enzymatic hydrolysis −
elimination
d.
mechanical processing − secretion of enzymes − enzymatic hydrolysis − absorption −
elimination
e.
mechanical processing − secretion of enzymes − absorption − enzymatic hydrolysis −
elimination
14. Which process in the human digestive system best illustrates mechanical digestion?
a.
absorption
b.
amylase
c.
bacterial action in the large intestine
d.
chewing
e.
pepsin
15. Which structure in the earthworm’s digestive tract is utilized for food storage?
a.
crop
b.
esophagus
c.
gizzard
d.
intestine
e.
mouth
16. Which part of a bird’s digestive system contains sand and rocks to aid in mechanical digestion?
a.
crop
b.
esophagus
c.
gizzard
d.
pharynx
e.
proventriculus
17. A diet of primarily grains would likely be deficient in which two amino acids?
a.
isoleucine and leucine
b.
isoleucine and lysine
c.
methionine and tryptophan
d.
methionine and lysine
e.
valine and lysine
18. A diet that does not contain any dark green vegetables, whole grains, yeast, or lean meats may result in
a deficiency of which vitamin?
a.
B1
b.
B2
c.
B6
d.
folic acid
e.
niacin
19. Which of the following vitamins could be toxic in large amounts?
a.
A
b.
B1
c.
B2
d.
biotin
e.
folic acid
20. Which pair of vitamins is produced within the human body?
a.
A and C
b.
A and D
c.
C and D
d.
C and K
e.
D and K
21. Which vitamin is produced in humans when exposed to sunlight?
a.
A
b.
B1
c.
C
d.
D
e.
folic acid
22. A deficiency of vitamin C can result in
a.
anemia.
b.
beriberi.
c.
night blindness.
d.
rickets.
e.
scurvy.
23. Of the 13 essential vitamins, ____ are water soluble and ____ are fat soluble.
a.
3; 10
b.
4; 9
c.
5; 8
d.
9; 4
e.
10; 3
24. Individuals with a vitamin ____ deficiency may develop ____.
a.
A; bone softening
b.
D; night blindness
c.
C; increased blood clotting time
d.
E; nerve damage
e.
K; fatigue
25. A deficiency of which mineral produces a goiter in humans?
a.
calcium
b.
iodine
c.
magnesium
d.
manganese
e.
zinc
26. Deficiencies of which two minerals may result in muscular weakness?
a.
iron and copper
b.
iron and manganese
c.
iodine and iron
d.
phosphorus and calcium
e.
phosphorus and potassium
27. Anemia can result from a deficiency of
a.
calcium.
b.
chlorine.
c.
iodine.
d.
iron.
e.
phosphorus.
28. Which layer(s) of the digestive tract in mammals directly contacts the lumen?
a.
mucosa
b.
muscularis
c.
submucosa
d.
serosa
e.
serosa and muscularis
29. Place the layers of a mammalian gut in order from outside inward, toward the lumen.
a.
mucosa − submucosa − muscularis − serosa
b.
muscularis − mucosa − submucosa − serosa
c.
serosa − muscularis − submucosa − mucosa
d.
serosa − mucosa − submucosa − muscularis
e.
serosa − submucosa − mucosa − muscularis
30. Which organ in the human digestive system contains an oblique layer of muscle as a part of its
muscularis?
a.
esophagus
b.
large intestine
c.
liver
d.
small intestine
e.
stomach
31. Which layer of the mammalian gut performs peristalsis?
a.
mucosa
b.
muscularis
c.
serosa
d.
submucosa
e.
submucosa and muscularis
32. What is the purpose of the watery fluid secreted by the serosa of the human digestive tract?
a.
emulsifies fats
b.
initiates peristalsis
c.
kills bacteria
d.
neutralizes acidic conditions
e.
reduces friction between nearby organs
33. The ____ regulates the movement of food into the stomach and the ____ regulates the passage of food
into the small intestine.
a.
epiglottis; gastroesophageal sphincter
b.
epiglottis; pyloric sphincter
c.
gastroesophageal sphincter; epiglottis
d.
gastroesophageal sphincter; pyloric sphincter
e.
pyloric sphincter; anal sphincter
34. Human saliva contains which of the following enzymes?
a.
aminopeptidase
b.
amylase
c.
chymotrypsin
d.
pepsin
e.
trypsin
35. Which digestive structures in humans secrete amylase?
a.
liver and gallbladder
b.
liver and pancreas
c.
pancreas and gallbladder
d.
pancreas and salivary glands
e.
pancreas, liver, and salivary glands
36. Food is classified as a bolus in which digestive structure?
a.
large intestine
b.
liver
c.
mouth
d.
small intestine
e.
stomach
37. Which cells produce pepsinogen in the stomach?
a.
brush border cells
b.
chief cells
c.
choanocytes
d.
parietal cells
e.
villi
38. The digestion of proteins in humans begins in the
a.
large intestine.
b.
mouth.
c.
pancreas.
d.
small intestines.
e.
stomach.
39. Heartburn is caused by ____.
a.
the gastroesophageal sphincter remaining too tightly closed
b.
the gastroesophageal sphincter remaining a little open
c.
the pyloric sphincter remaining too tightly closed
d.
the pyloric sphincter remaining a little open
e.
both the gastroesophageal and the pyloric sphincters remaining too tightly closed
40. The function of the epiglottis is ____ while swallowing.
a.
to move the tongue out of the way
b.
to cover the esophagus
c.
to cover the glottis
d.
to cover both the esophagus and the glottis
e.
to secrete mucus
41. The pH of stomach acids is usually
a.
2.
b.
4.
c.
7.
d.
10.
e.
12.
42. Most peptic ulcers are caused by
a.
antibiotics.
b.
bacteria.
c.
heartburn.
d.
lactose intolerance.
e.
malnutrition.
43. The digestion of lipids in humans begins in the
a.
large intestine.
b.
mouth.
c.
pancreas.
d.
small intestine.
e.
stomach.
44. What function does the presence of alkaline components in pancreatic juice serve?
a.
Creates an optimum environment for digestion in the small intestine
b.
Neutralizes the acidity of stomach contents
c.
Stimulates peristalsis in the small intestine
d.
Creates an optimum environment for digestion in the stomach
e.
Stimulates peristalsis in the stomach
45. Which structure of the human digestive tract secretes bile?
a.
liver
b.
gallbladder
c.
pancreas
d.
small intestine
e.
stomach
46. The digestive structure that stores concentrated bile is the
a.
duodenum.
b.
gallbladder.
c.
liver.
d.
pancreas.
e.
stomach.
47. Which of the following statements about bile are false?
a.
It emulsifies fats.
b.
It converts fats into droplets called micelles.
c.
It makes it easier for lipase to digest fats.
d.
It is yellow in color due to the presence of bilirubin.
e.
It emulsifies proteins.
48. The pancreas is located between ____.
a.
the gallbladder and the liver
b.
the liver and the stomach
c.
the liver and the small intestine
d.
the stomach and the small intestine
e.
the stomach and the liver
49. In which organ do we classify the food as chyme?
a.
large intestine
b.
liver
c.
mouth
d.
small intestine
e.
stomach
50. Which digestive structure in humans is active in both the digestion of food and the absorption of
nutrients?
a.
mouth
b.
liver
c.
pancreas
d.
small intestine
e.
stomach
51. The two proteases in the small intestine that complete protein digestion are
a.
aminopeptidase and dipeptidase.
b.
aminopeptidase and disaccharidase.
c.
dipeptidase and disaccharidase.
d.
dipeptidase and phosphatase.
e.
nucleotidase and nucleosidase.
52. The digestion of starches begins in which structure of the digestive tract?
a.
esophagus
b.
large intestine
c.
mouth
d.
small intestine
e.
stomach
53. The most digestion in the human body takes place in the
a.
liver.
b.
mouth.
c.
large intestine.
d.
small intestine.
e.
stomach.
54. Veins from the ____ join together and form the hepatic portal vein.
a.
large intestine
b.
liver
c.
pancreas
d.
small intestine
e.
stomach
55. The appendix is a vestigial structure that extends off of the
a.
cecum.
b.
colon.
c.
duodenum.
d.
rectum.
e.
stomach.
56. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the human digestive tract?
a.
The large intestine contains villi and is smaller in diameter and shorter in length than the
small intestine.
b.
The large intestine contains villi and is smaller in diameter and longer in length than the
small intestine.
c.
The large intestine does not contain villi and is smaller in diameter and longer in length
than the small intestine.
d.
The large intestine does not contain villi and is larger in diameter and smaller in length
than the small intestine.
e.
The large intestine does not contain villi and is larger in diameter and longer in length than
the small intestine.
57. The primary function of the large intestine is to
a.
absorb water.
b.
absorb nutrients.
c.
complete the digestion of carbohydrates.
d.
complete the digestion of fats.
e.
complete the digestion of protein.
58. Which structure in the human body regulates hunger and satiety (a sense of fullness)?
a.
hypothalamus
b.
liver
c.
pancreas
d.
small intestine
e.
stomach