Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 46
The Musculoskeletal System
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The mammalian jaw is an example of what kind of moveable joint?
2. As the Baby Boomer generation ages, more and more joint replacement surgeries take
place each year. Hip replacement surgery is the gold standard of all joint replacement
surgeries, with many patients able to walk just a few hours after surgery and return home the
very next day. In contrast, knee replacement surgery usually requires hospital stays of several
days, followed by weeks to months of physical therapy. What best explains why the recovery
after hip replacement surgery is so much faster than after knee replacement surgery?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
•
What do you know about the structure of the knee and hip? What other information is
related to the question?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct
answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
3. Shown below is an electron micrograph of part of a myofibril from a relaxed muscle fiber.
Which of the labeled regions will NOT shorten when the muscle contracts?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
•
What do you know about the structure of a myofibril? What other information is related
to the question?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct
answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
4. In a stimulated muscle fiber, the calcium ions released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind
to the protein _______.
5. You decide to do an experiment with isolated myofibrils to explore the effects of ATP
hydrolysis on myofibril function. You do this by bathing the myofibrils in a solution that
contains a modified form of ATP, which cannot be split into ADP and Pi. At what step will
myofibril function be arrested by using this compound instead of unmodified ATP?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
•
What do you know about the role of ATP hydrolysis in myofibril function? What other
information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct
answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
6. The sliding filament model for muscle contraction can be studied using an isolated skeletal
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
muscle that is fixed at each end, while a machine records the tension that is generated when
the muscle is stimulated to contract. In one particular muscle tested, the length of the thick
filaments was 1.6 m and the length of the thin filaments that project in from each Z line
towards the center of the sarcomere was 1.0 m. A summary of the results comparing
sarcomere length to the degree of tension produced during contraction is shown below. What
most likely explains the difference between segment II and segment III of the graph?
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
Gather Content
•
What do you know about the correlation between sarcomere length and tension? What
other information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct
answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
7. The structure enabling depolarization to travel deep into the muscle fiber is the ______.
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
8. The neurotransmitter released from the nerve terminus at the neuromuscular junction is
__________.
9. The use-dependent decrease in the ability of a muscle to generate force is called _____.
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
10. Which of the bone development lineages is incorrect?
11. Which of the following regarding bone growth is false?
12. One adaptation to flight in birds is lighter bones, which lack
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
13. Which of the following regarding the Haversian System is false?
14. You witness a demonstration of a martial arts master breaking a large concrete block with
his hand. Besides mastering the technique, what is another benefit of the repetitive practice of
breaking concrete?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
•
What do you know about the effects of stress on bone strength? What other information
is related to the question?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct
answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
15. Utilizing more motor units for stronger muscle contractions is called
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
16. Which of the following is the smallest unit in terms of size?
17. According to the figure, which one represents the muscle in an optimal condition for a
strong contraction?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
•
What do you know about conditions necessary for a strong muscle contraction? What
other information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct
answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
18. Which of the following is required to detach myosin from actin?
19. In arthropods, locomotion is accomplished by muscles that work against
20. Insects such as mosquitoes and beetles can beat their wings at tremendous speeds. This
can be accomplished because
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
21. Which animal does a dolphin or whale most resemble as it swims through water?
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
•
What do you know about how a whale swims? What other information is related to the
question?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct
answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
22. Select the incorrect statement about muscle and muscle fibers.
23. Select the incorrect statement related to sarcomere structure and function.
24. Which of the following statements relating to skeletal muscle and their functions is NOT
correct?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
25. In the power stroke shown in panel c below, the thin filaments are pulled towards the
center of the sarcomere. What is the specific sequence of events that occurs during a power
stroke?
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
26. Which of the following joint types is not correctly matched with its example?
27. In order for an earthworm to lengthen several contiguous segments of its body, it must
28. All of the following statements about exoskeletons are correct EXCEPT
Chapter 46 – The Musculoskeletal System
29. The muscles that move the eye have a high proportion of fast-twitch fibers and reach
maximum tension very fast. These fibers belong to the class of __________ fibers.
30. You have just read an advertisement for a new drug that claims people who take it can get
muscular bodies without spending months lifting weights in the gym. The drug stimulates
muscle growth in the same way that weight lifting does, which is to