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A) many ova must be released.
B) the uterus must be enlarged.
C) only one sperm need penetrate one egg.
D) secretion of pituitary FSH and LH must decrease.
E) the secondary oocyte must implant in the uterus.
56) Fertilization of human eggs usually takes place in the
A) ovary.
B) uterus.
C) vagina.
D) oviduct.
E) cervix.
57) What is the embryo-produced hormone that maintains progesterone and estrogen secretion by the
corpus luteum through the first trimester of pregnancy?
A) luteinizing hormone (LH)
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C) progesterone
D) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
58) The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the secretion of FSH is
A) luteinizing hormone (LH).
B) estradiol.
C) progesterone.
D) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
59) Labor contractions can be increased by the medical use of a synthetic drug that mimics the action of
A) inhibin.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) oxytocin.
D) prolactin.
E) vasopressin.
60) A high rate of metabolic activity is maintained in the pregnant uterus by
A) inhibin.
B) testosterone.
C) oxytocin.
D) prolactin.
E) progesterone.
61) The secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary gland is reduced by
A) inhibin.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) oxytocin.
D) prolactin.
E) vasopressin.
62) The drug RU-486 functions by
A) inhibiting release of gonadotropins from the pituitary.
B) blocking progesterone receptors in the uterus.
C) preventing release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary.
D) reducing sexual interest.
E) prolonging the endurance of the corpus luteum.
63) Human fertility drugs taken by women increase the chance of multiple births, probably because they
A) enhance implantation opportunities.
B) stimulate the development of many ovarian follicles.
C) mimic progesterone action in the uterus.
D) stimulate steroidogenesis.
E) delay parturition.
64) The thin layer of the developing embryo which secretes a hormone that keeps the corpus luteum
functioning is the
A) cervix.
B) endometrium.
C) amnion.
D) plasma membrane.
E) chorion.
65) In excreted urine, a reliable “marker” that a pregnancy has initiated is
A) progesterone.
B) estrogen.
C) follicle-stimulating hormone.
D) chorionic gonadotropin.
E) hypothalamic-releasing hormones.
66) The “immunotolerance” of a pregnant woman toward her unborn child is the result of
A) the tenacity with which the unborn child’s immune system counteracts the woman’s immune system.
B) the relative quiescence of a pregnant woman’s immune system compared to when she was not
pregnant.
C) the complete physical separation of her cells from those of the unborn child.
D) the unborn child having enough of the woman’s identity so as to escape detection as foreign.
E) modern medical intervention during every pregnancy.
67) Among these contraception methods, the highest risk of accidental pregnancy accompanies
A) the use of a diaphragm.
B) the use of a condom.
C) the practice of coitus interruptus.
D) a verified vasectomy.
E) the practice of the “rhythm method.”
68) The use of birth control pills (oral contraceptives)
A) reduces the incidence of ovulation.
B) prevents fertilization by keeping the sperm and egg physically separated by a mechanical barrier.
C) prevents implantation of an embryo.
D) prevents sperm from exiting the male urethra.
E) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus.
69) Two contraceptive methods that are generally irreversible and which block the gametes from
moving to a site where fertilization can occur are
A) the male condom and female condom.
B) the male condom and oral contraceptives.
C) vasectomy and tubal ligation.
D) coitus interruptus and rhythm method.
E) the diaphragm and subcutaneous progesterone implant.
70) Tubal ligation
A) reduces the incidence of ovulation.
B) prevents fertilization by preventing sperm from entering the uterus.
C) prevents implantation of an embryo.
D) prevents sperm from exiting the male urethra.
E) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus.
71) A vasectomy
A) eliminates spermatogenesis.
B) eliminates testosterone synthesis.
C) prevents implantation of an embryo.
D) prevents sperm from exiting the male urethra.
E) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus.
72) Time-release progesterone implants function in contraception by
A) increasing the frequency of ovulation.
B) thickening the cervical and uterine mucus to impair sperm movement.
C) increasing gonadotropin secretion to abnormally high levels.
D) reducing libido.
E) activating inflammation responses in the uterus.
73) For lactation to take place, the synthesis of breast milk and its release from the mammary gland,
respectively, are caused by
A) testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.
B) estrogen and progesterone.
C) cortisol and testosterone.
D) prolactin and oxytocin.
E) luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
74) So-called “combination” birth control pills function in contraception by
A) inhibiting the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH.
B) irritating the uterine lining so as to prevent implantation.
C) causing spontaneous abortions.
D) blocking progesterone receptors, so that pregnancy cannot be maintained.
E) binding to and inactivating any sperm that enter the oviduct.
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Art Questions
Refer to the following figure, which diagrams the reproductive anatomy of the human female, to answer
the following questions.
75) In the above figure, which letter points to the corpus luteum?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
76) In the above figure, which letter points to the oviduct?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
77) In the above figure, which letter points to the cervix?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
78) In the above figure, which letter points to the uterus?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
79) In the above figure, which letter points to the endometrium?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Refer to the following figure, which diagrams the reproductive anatomy of the human male, to answer
the following questions.
80) In the above figure, which letter points to the scrotum?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
81) In the above figure, which letter points to the testis?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
82) In the above figure, which letter points to the urethra?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
83) In the above figure, which letter points to the prostate gland?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
84) In the above figure, which letter points to the vas deferens?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
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Scenario Questions
85) You observe vertebrate organisms with parthenogenetic reproduction, internal development of
embryos, and the lack of parental care for its young. Based on this information, you should categorize
these organisms as
A) earthworms.
B) lizards.
C) birds.
D) frogs.
E) mammals.
86) Imagine that a woman is in the final week of her pregnancy. Her doctor gives her an injection of
oxytocin. The likely result of this is that the pregnant woman would
A) undergo the loss of oxytocin receptors from her uterine smooth muscle cells.
B) stop secreting prostaglandins from the placenta.
C) undergo vigorous contractions of her uterine muscles.
D) increase the synthesis and secretion of progesterone.
E) be prevented from lactation.
End-of-Chapter Questions
The following questions are from the end-of–chapter “Test Your Understanding” section in Chapter 46
of the textbook.
87) Which of the following characterizes parthenogenesis?
A) An individual may change its sex during its lifetime.
B) Specialized groups of cells grow into new individuals.
C) An organism is first a male and then a female.
D) An egg develops without being fertilized.
E) Both mates have male and female reproductive organs.
88) In male mammals, excretory and reproductive systems share
A) the testes.
B) the urethra.
C) the seminal vesicle.
D) the vas deferens.
E) the prostate.
89) Which of the following is not properly paired?
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A) seminiferous tubule cervix
B) Sertoli cells follicle cells
C) testosterone estradiol
D) scrotum labia majora
E) vas deferens oviduct
90) Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during
A) the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle.
B) the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.
C) the period just before ovulation.
D) the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
E) the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.
91) During human gestation, rudiments of all organs develop
A) in the first trimester.
B) in the second trimester.
C) in the third trimester.
D) while the embryo is in the oviduct.
E) during the blastocyst stage.
92) Which of the following is a true statement?
A) All mammals have menstrual cycles.
B) The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles.
C) Estrous cycles are more frequent than menstrual cycles.
D) Estrous cycles are not controlled by hormones.
E) Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles.
93) For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
A) interruptions in meiotic divisions
B) functional gametes produced by meiosis
C) meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete
D) gametes produced in a given time period
E) different cell types produced by meiosis
94) Which statement about human reproduction is false?
A) Fertilization occurs in the oviduct.
B) Effective hormonal contraceptives are currently available only for females.
C) An oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it.
D) The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
E) Spermatogenesis and oogenesis require different temperatures.