Chapter 42 Which The Following Not Level Organization The

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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Chapter 42

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

Multiple Choice Questions

1. To diagnose and treat a disease, a doctor must evaluate the patient’s body at multiple levels

of organization. Identify the level of organization relevant to each stage of the process

described below.

(1) As part of Fred’s annual physical, the doctor examined his skin, fingernails and hair for

signs of disease. Noticing an unusual lesion on his neck, the doctor referred Fred to a

dermatologist.

(2) Upon observing the lesion, the dermatologist said, “Yes, this looks like it could be a

squamous cell carcinoma, a tumor in the epidermis of the skin.”

(3) The dermatologist carefully examined all of Fred’s skin for signs of additional tumors,

but did not find any.

(4) The dermatologist removed the lesion and sent it for a biopsy. Under the microscope, the

pathologist saw some cells with abnormal morphology and confirmed a diagnosis of

squamous cell carcinoma. However, he noted that the margins of the lesion were clear of

abnormal cells, and the tumor had been successfully removed.

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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Clarify Question

What is the key concept addressed by the question?

What type of thinking is required?

• Analyze level:

Gather Content

What do you already know about biological levels of organization? What other

information is related to the question?

Choose Answer

Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

2. Which of the following is not a level of organization in the vertebrate body?

3. It’s the ninth inning, and the bases are loaded. As the pitcher winds up to throw the ball,

how does each tissue in his arm contribute to this critical pitch? The ___________ of his

fingers grips the ball. His __________ sends instructions that trigger his ___________ to

contract. His ______________ provides stability and transmits the force produced.

4. If at the last minute the pitcher decides to throw a curveball, which tissue responds first?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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Clarify Question

What is the key concept addressed by the question?

What type of thinking is required?

Gather Content

What do you already know about the tissues of the vertebrate body? What other

information is related to the question?

Choose Answer

Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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5. In adult vertebrates, which of these is not one of the four principal kinds of primary

tissues?

6. Which of the following are the fundamental embryonic tissues called the “germ layers”?

7. In 1822, the Canadian fur trader Alexis St. Martin was accidentally shot with a musket.

The shot entered his left chest, fractured a rib, damaged the lungs, lacerated the diaphragm,

perforated the stomach, and finally exited his body. Amazingly he survived, but the hole in

his belly never completely healed. This allowed Dr. William Beaumont direct access to his

stomach for experiments, and led to his discovery of the importance of stomach acid in

digestion. Which body cavities did the musket shot pass through?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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Clarify Question

What is the key concept addressed by the question?

What type of thinking is required?

Gather Content

What do you already know about the body cavities? What other information is related to

the question?

Choose Answer

Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

8. In mammals and some reptiles, the coelom is divided into smaller cavities that enclose the

lungs, heart, and gut. What are these cavities called?

9. Why are epithelial membranes not very thick?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

10. What are epithelial cells with a flat, irregular shape and tapered edges called?

11. Which of the following types of epithelia would be likely to make up the tubules of the

kidney?

12. Which type of cells line the lungs and blood vessels?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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13. Goblet cell hyperplasia is associated with asthma. Based on their function, what is the

likely outcome of an overabundance of goblet cells?

Clarify Question

What is the key concept addressed by the question?

What type of thinking is required?

Gather Content

What do you already know about goblet cells? What other information is related to the

question?

Choose Answer

Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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14. A recent study suggests the surprising idea that intestinal goblet cells present food

antigens to dendritic cells to induce tolerance to food molecules. Thus, goblet cell dysfunction

may be a cause of food allergies. If this is true, it illustrates the importance of coordination

between which two organ systems?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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Clarify Question

What is the key concept addressed by the question?

What type of thinking is required?

• Analyze level:

Gather Content

What do you already know about goblet cells and dendritic cells? What other information

is related to the question?

Choose Answer

Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

15. The glands of vertebrates are derived from ____________ epithelium.

16. If the connection between a gland and the epithelial membrane is maintained as a duct,

the gland is called a(n) ___________ gland.

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

17. Which of the following would not provide protection to the epidermis?

18. Which of the following epithelial tissues secretes mucous and is dense with cilia?

19. A friend asks you how exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands. She knows that both

form from invaginated epithelium. How do you respond?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

20. Connective tissue includes adipose tissue, tendons, bone, cartilage, and blood. What do

all these tissues have in common?

21. The most abundant protein in mammals is collagen. This strong, ropelike molecule is

particularly abundant in which tissue?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

22. When collagen is hydrolyzed it forms gelatin, the main ingredient of a jiggly dessert

adored by children. What parts of a cow provide a rich source of collagen?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

Clarify Question

What is the key concept addressed by the question?

What type of thinking is required?

Gather Content

What do you already know about collagen? What other information is related to the

question?

Choose Answer

Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 42 – The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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23. You are researching a family with a heritable disease whose symptoms include hyper-

flexible joints, pliable skin, stretchy ligaments, and fragile muscles that tear easily. You plan

to use genetic testing to determine the cause of the disease. Which gene do you sequence

first?

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Clarify Question

What is the key concept addressed by the question?

What type of thinking is required?

• Evaluate level:

Gather Content

What do you already know about the strengthening of tissues? What other information is