Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
24. A researcher is investigating the morphology of complete flowers. Which of the following
organs must his flowers contain?
25. A genus of primarily wind-pollinated plants includes one unusual species that has
evolved to be pollinated by insects. Several morphological changes have accompanied this
adaptation. The ______________ are more colorful, there is a nectary at the base of the
______________, the ________________ are shorter and produce sticky pollen, and the
__________________ are stickier for enhanced pollen capture.
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
41–22
26. Some species of orchids attract pollinating Hymenoptera (bees and wasps) with flowers
that closely mimic the appearance of a female insect. As the male attempts to mate with the
flower, he becomes loaded with pollen, helping the plant to reproduce. If one of these orchid
plants acquired a loss-of-function mutation in a CYCLOIDEA-like gene, what do you predict
might happen?
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
What do you already know about insects as pollinators? What other information is related
to the question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
• Without the spread of pollen, this mutation would not persist.
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
27. Microspore mother cells produce microspores. What do microspores then develop into?
28. Which of the following statements about the angiosperm embryo sac is FALSE?
29. Which structure contains the angiosperm egg?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
41–24
30. You are a landscape architect working on the grounds of a large estate. After you plant a
dozen trees, the owner says, “There’s been a mistake. The flowers on some of these willow
trees look totally different! I specifically asked for Salix alba. You must have planted two
different species.” You refer to your tree guide, and read: “Salix alba – species of willow
native to Europe and Asia, noted for the white undersides of leaves. Insect pollinated,
dioecious. Grows 10-30m tall.” How do you respond to the client?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about dioecious species? What other information is related to
the question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
31. Thanks to a novel recessive mutation, a certain plant species has begun to invade colder
Arctic regions outside of its normal range. However, this cold-tolerant mutation has not yet
become fixed in the population. A second mutation arises that promotes self-pollination. Do
you predict that the self-pollination allele will be selected for in the Arctic regions? Why or
why not?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about pollination? What other information is related to the
question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
32. Which of these characteristics would most likely discourage self-pollination in a flower
with both stamens and pistils?
33. Oaks, birches and corn produce both staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant.
What term describes this type of plant?
34. Flowering plants use animals or wind to transfer ________ between flowers.
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
35. In a wind-pollinated species, which of these floral parts is likely to be inconspicuous or
absent?
36. Early seed plants were pollinated by _______, as are present-day conifers.
37. Which of these characteristics does not promote outcrossing in flowering plants?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
38. Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to attract pollinators to a flower?
39. Which of the following statements about plant reproduction is incorrect?
40. Some flowers have distinctive patterns that only reflect ultraviolet light and therefore are
invisible to humans. Which statement about such markings is NOT correct?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
41. Which of these is not an example of coevolution between flowers and pollinating bees?
42. Many plants devote significant resources to growing colorful, fragrant flowers filled with
nectar. What does this illustrate the importance of?
43. You and your neighbor each have a holly bush in your yards. You carefully water and
care for your bush, but it fails to produce berries. Your neighbor, on the other hand, neglects
his holly, yet it produces gorgeous red berries each year. Finally, in frustration, you replace
your holly with a rose bush. The next year, your neighbor’s holly bush has no berries at all.
What happened?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
41–32
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about dioecious plants? What other information is related to
the question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
44. What process results in the formation of the endosperm and the embryo in angiosperms?
45. Pollination begins when pollen is transferred from the ________ to the ________ of a
flower.
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
46. Which step is NOT involved in the fertilization of angiosperm flowers?
47. What is the best description of double fertilization in angiosperms?
48. “Germination” can refer to two different events:
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
41–35
49. You go to the movies with a friend, and he refuses to share your popcorn. He says that he
heard that movie theatre popcorn is triploid. What is the most likely explanation for this?
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about seed structure? What other information is related to the
question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
41–36
50. If a pollen grain fails to generate two sperm cells, what is the most likely result of
pollination?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
41–37
Clarify Question
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
• This question is asking about the effect of missing sperm in a pollen grain.
What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
What do you already know about plant gametes and fertilization? What other information
is related to the question?
Choose Answer
Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
51. What are the “seed leaves” that grow from bulges on the embryo called?
52. The HOBBIT gene in an embryo helps to control the development of what structure?
53. Which of the following statements about plant development is true?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
54. What do the two daughter cells generated by the first asymmetric division of the plant
zygote become?
55. Which of the following statements about plant embryo development is correct?
56. What does the globular stage of plant embryo development give rise to?
Chapter 41 – Plant Reproduction
57. What did experiments with the brown alga Fucus help to determine?
58. Which structure can still develop normally in an embryo with mutations in both the
SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (stm) gene and the HOBBIT gene?