Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, 8e (Reece et al.)
Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell
4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements about cells is true?
A) All cells have cell walls.
B) All cells have internal structures that move.
C) All cells are attached to other cells.
D) All cells are motile.
2) Light microscopes
A) typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope.
B) work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied.
C) use light and glass lenses to magnify an image.
D) are generally not used to view bacteria.
3) One centimeter = ________ millimeters.
A) 0.01
B) 0.10
C) 10
D) 100
4) Resolution is the
A) ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.
B) size of an image.
C) ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image.
D) distance between the lenses of a microscope.
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5) Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?
A) Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.
B) Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure.
C) Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces.
D) Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
6) A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells
use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which of the following instruments
would be best, and why?
A) a light microscope, because it allows observations of whole, live cells
B) a transmission electron microscope, because it has high resolution
C) a scanning electron microscope, because it can reveal structures on cell surfaces
D) a scanning electron microscope, because it can be used to observe whole cells without slicing
them
7) The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells
defines
A) the laws of inheritance.
B) organelle theory.
C) cell theory.
D) inheritance of acquired characteristics.
8) A scientist wants to magnify a pollen grain 8,000 times and examine the ridges and pores on
its surface. Which of the following instruments would be best?
A) a transmission electron microscope
B) a scanning electron microscope
C) a fluorescence confocal microscope
D) an inverted light microscope
9) A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron
microscope is used to study ________.
A) live cells; dead cells
B) cell surfaces; internal cell structures
C) dead cells; live cells
D) internal cell structures; cell surfaces
10) The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from
A) 0.1 to 1.0 micrometers.
B) 1.0 to 10 micrometers.
C) 10 to 100 micrometers.
D) 100 to 1000 micrometers.
11) As cell size increases, the
A) volume and surface area decrease.
B) volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.
C) surface area increases proportionally more than the volume.
D) ratio of surface area to volume stays the same.
12) Which of the following cells has the greatest surface-to-volume ratio?
A) bacterium
B) human red blood cell
C) human muscle cell
D) ostrich egg
13) A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and
larger. This situation
A) should present no problem to the cell, since it can continue to perform all other necessary
functions.
B) should present no problem to the cell, because the surface area of the cell will increase as the
volume of the cell increases.
C) will eventually be problematic, since the cell’s ability to absorb nutrients through its outer
membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.
D) should be beneficial, since the cell will be able to divert the ATP normally used for cell
division to other processes.
14) Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your
mouth. What should you do?
A) Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. Since each little piece
must be dissolved separately, the drop will last longer.
B) Keep the cough drop whole. This maintains the largest surface-to-volume ratio and slows the
dissolution of the cough drop.
C) Break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. This decreases the
surface-to-volume ratio and slows the dissolution of the cough drop.
D) It doesn’t matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total amount of cough
drop is all that matters.
15) A pathologist who wants to examine a patient’s liver cells to determine if the mitochondria
have an internal structural defect will likely need to use a
A) light microscope.
B) transmission electron microscope.
C) scanning electron microscope.
D) chromatin stain.
16) In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
A) are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.
B) are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water.
C) are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the
membrane.
D) are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water.
17) Archaea are composed of ________ cells.
A) prokaryotic
B) bacterial
C) eukaryotic
D) animal
18) Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?
A) membrane-bound nucleus
B) nucleoid
C) chromosome
D) ribosomes
19) The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell
A) contains the cell’s DNA.
B) separates the RNA from the cytoplasm.
C) is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane.
D) contains the cell’s nucleoli.
20) ________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
A) Plant
B) Prokaryotic
C) Eukaryotic
D) Fungal
21) A bacterial cell’s DNA is found in its
A) ribosomes.
B) nucleus.
C) nucleoid region.
D) capsule.
22) Which of the following structures is/are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces?
A) flagella
B) nucleoid
C) anchoring junctions
D) capsule
23) The membranous compartmentalization of a cell
A) divides the cell into two equal-sized halves.
B) allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.
C) requires the presence of a cell wall.
D) is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
24) Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false?
A) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes greatly increase a cell’s total membrane area.
B) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes provide an additional area for many metabolic
processes to occur.
C) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes form membranous compartments called organelles.
D) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular
organelles.
25) You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at
them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude
correctly that the cells
A) are plant cells.
B) are animal cells.
C) are bacterial cells.
D) could be either plant or bacterial cells.
26) Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal
cells have ________.
A) chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles
B) centrioles; chloroplasts; cell walls
C) chloroplasts; cell walls; a nucleus
D) centrioles; cell walls; large central vacuoles
27) Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false?
A) Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different conditions.
B) Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles.
C) Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells.
D) Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes.
28) The nucleus of a cell
A) is surrounded by a single layer of membrane.
B) is contained within the nucleolus.
C) contains DNA.
D) is the primary location of protein synthesis.
29) The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called
A) chromatin.
B) a nucleolus.
C) a ribosome.
D) a lysosome.
30) During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called
A) ribosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) chromosomes.
D) nucleoli.
31) The function of the nucleolus is
A) to manufacture polypeptides.
B) to manufacture ribosomal RNA.
C) intracellular digestion.
D) to store chromatin.
32) Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which
A) is made in the nucleolus.
B) must be made by the ribosomes.
C) is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.
D) carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division.
33) Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?
A) nuclear envelope
B) plasma membrane
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) cytoplasm
34) Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?
A) The endomembrane system is involved in the synthesis, storage, and export of important
molecules.
B) The endomembrane system includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C) The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope.
D) The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically
connected.
35) The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the
A) plasma membrane.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) peroxisome.
D) Golgi apparatus.
36) An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second
for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very
prominent within the cell?
A) nucleus
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) peroxisome
D) microtubules
37) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells.
B) is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
C) produces proteins for cell membranes.
D) helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis.
38) The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of
A) mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.
B) hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell.
C) ribosomes and steroid hormones.
D) membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
39) Secretory proteins are
A) produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) chemically modified in the nucleus.
C) produced by the cell for internal use.
D) released from the cell through the plasma membrane.
40) The cells that produce hair made of protein contain a lot of ________, while the cells that
produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ________.
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomes
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) microbodies; lysosomes
41) The Golgi apparatus
A) is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another.
B) stores, modifies, and packages proteins.
C) strings together amino acids to produce proteins.
D) is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.
42) Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false?
A) The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory.
C) The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production.
D) The Golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum.
43) Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?
A) Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
B) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.
C) Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes.
D) Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
44) When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into
the cell. As a result of this, that cell will
A) recycle damaged organelles.
B) undergo cell division.
C) produce replacement lysosomes.
D) undergo self-digestion and die.
45) Tay-Sachs disease results from the malfunction of
A) mitochondria.
B) lysosomes.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nucleoli.
46) Tay-Sachs disease
A) causes an accumulation of lipids in brain cells.
B) involves damage to liver cells.
C) is due to the absence of an enzyme that digests polysaccharides.
D) prevents the breakdown of glycogen.
47) Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?
A) The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water.
B) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products.
C) The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.
D) The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons.
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48) Contractile vacuoles
A) are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water.
B) help in the excretion of excess salt.
C) prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water.
D) allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment.
49) A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found
to paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists. A biologist looking at individual samples
of these organisms taken from the pond would find that they
A) have lost water and shrunk.
B) have gained water and burst.
C) have died of malnutrition.
D) have died because wastes have built up in the cytoplasm.
50) Which organelle is involved in the catabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of
alcohol?
A) peroxisome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) smooth ER
D) ribosomes
51) Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream.
Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin
passes from its production to its exit from the cell?
A) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane
B) rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane
C) rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane
D) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane
52) The function of mitochondria is
A) cellular respiration.
B) lipid synthesis.
C) photosynthesis.
D) intracellular digestion.
53) Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of
A) ATP synthesis increases.
B) ATP synthesis decreases.
C) photosynthesis increases.
D) protein synthesis increases.
54) The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and
enhances a mitochondrion’s ability to produce ATP.
A) stroma
B) intermembrane space
C) cristae
D) matrix
55) The function of chloroplasts is
A) cellular respiration.
B) lipid synthesis.
C) photosynthesis.
D) intracellular digestion.