e. legalistic
69. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the service style of policing?
a. different treatment for different individuals
b. discreet and informal procedures
c. issuing of warnings
d. strict enforcement of laws
e. common in middle-class suburban communities
70. Which of the following is a characteristic of watchman style of policing?
a. sometimes produces discrimination
b. ignoring minor violations of the law
c. make arrest for flagrant violations
d. broad discretionary ability
e. all of these
71. Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite to apply for work as a police officer?
a. pass a polygraph test
b. possess a valid driver’s license
c. meet certain age requirement
d. be physically fit
e. pass a firearm use test
72. Which of the following is a prerequisite to apply for work as a police officer?
a. played on a high school sports team
b. be knowledgeable of police procedures
c. have a relative who worked on the police force
d. pass a polygraph test
e. have extensive firearm training
73. The U.S. Marine Corps base at Quantico, Virginia, is home to the training academies for new special agents in the:
a. ATF&E.
b. state department security detail.
c. DEA.
d. customs.
e. border patrol and border protection.
74. Federal agencies typically look for college graduates and often require special skills such as:
a. “people” skills.
b. drawing and artistic abilities.
c. public speaking.
d. work in construction as a laborer.
e. foreign languages.
75. Which category of officer is fewer in number in 2007 than in 1993?
a. African American
b. white
c. Hispanic
d. female
e. none of the above
76. Which of the following was NOT a feature of American policing inherited from England?
a. organizational fragmentation
b. community involvement
c. local control
d. limited authority
e. tithing
77. Which is NOT one of the historical periods of American policing?
a. colonial
b. Wild West
c. professional
d. early Republic
e. political
78. The Progressives were a political movement who were especially influential:
a. during World War II.
b. in the early 1900s.
c. before the Civil War.
d. in the 1960s.
e. during the colonial period.
79. What were the major recommendations of the Progressive reformers?
a. The police should be removed from politics.
b. Merit should be the basis for career advancement.
c. The law should be enforced equally.
d. Police should be well trained.
e. All of the above.
80. The focus of intelligence-led policing is:
a. building strong community relations.
b. the prevention of crime.
c. the creation of a diverse force.
d. the recruitment of intelligent cadets.
e. the solving of crime.
81. The increased use of volunteers in policing has been largely the result of:
a. budget reductions.
b. high rates of unemployment.
c. the creation of community crime prevention programs.
d. high profile cases of police abuse.
e. legislative initiatives mandating the policy.
82. All of the following are positive effects of using volunteers EXCEPT:
a. to give police extra “eyes and ears.”
b. increased cooperation between the police and community.
c. the downsizing of police departments due to civilian volunteers.
d. a savings to Los Angeles of $5 million annually.
e. better crime prevention efforts.
83. According to critics of the use of volunteers in policing, which of the following is NOT a reason to
discontinue their use?
a. the potential for improper behavior
b. the dangerous situations some volunteers are thrust into
c. a lack of adequate training given to volunteers
d. the cost of running such programs
e. the rendering of improper decisions that cause more harm than good
Completion
84. The ____________________ system required that groups of 10 families agree to uphold the law.
85. The practice of assigning individuals to night observation duty to warn the public of fires and crime that was first
introduced to the American colonies in Boston is referred to as the __________ __________.
86. The ____________________ era of policing aimed to separate the police department from the political system.
87. The argument that “little problems” can lead to larger crime problems for neighborhoods if they are not addressed is
known as the ____________________ theory.
88. The greatest number of police departments is found at the ____________________ level.
89. The FBI is a part of the Department of ____________________.
90. The process during which the rules, symbols, and values of a group or subculture are learned by its members is known
as ____________________.
91. A ____________________ consists of the beliefs, symbols, values, and attitudes shared by members of a smaller
group within a larger society.
92. The complex set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group is
known as ____________________.
93. The two most important elements of the police working personality are ____________________ and
____________________.
94. The physical threats and dangers police confront on the job, such as pursuing criminals or facing down armed
gunmen, are sources of ____________________ stress.
95. The ____________________ is responsible for law enforcement in unincorporated rural areas of the United States.
96. _________________ was the first female officer in 1905 in Portland, Oregon.
97. The function of the police that includes providing first aid and helping people is known as the _________ function.
98. The ____________________ style of police is marked by professionalism and an emphasis on law enforcement.
99. The military character of police departments is illustrated by the _______________according to ranks—officer,
commander, sergeant, lieutenant, captain, major, and chief.
100. Most police agencies follow a military model of organization, with structure of ranks and responsibilities that mark a
__________________.
101. _____________________ includes preservice training required for sworn officers that involves coursework on law,
weapons, psychology, and police procedures.
102. _______________ typically look for college graduates and often require special skills including foreign language.
103. Advocates of the ________________ era of policing work with citizens to improve public attitudes towards police
including foot and bicycle patrol.
104. ______________ policing solves problems of the community that may contribute to the fear of crime itself.
105. After the Civil War, the federal government appointed _________________to help enforce the law in the western
territories.
106. The __________ is the federal law enforcement agency responsible for fighting terrorism and espionage.
107. The ___________ function of policing is to prevent behavior that either disturbs or threatens to disturb the peace.
108. The _______________ function of policing applies to situations where the law has been violated and the offender
needs to be apprehended.
109. The focus of intelligence-led policing is the ______ of crime.
110. ________ policing places an emphasis on gathering, analyzing, and sharing information while incorporating those
elements into community policing plans.
111. After the 9/11 attacks, ________ policing became the preferred model.
112. An officer’s ______ may overcome the contradiction between the goal of preventing crime and the officer‘s inability
to do so.
Subjective Short Answer
Susan Frye has been recently hired by the Bellview Police Department as a patrol officer. She has completed an associate
degree and basic law enforcement training. She would like to continue her education by acquiring a bachelor’s degree in
order to be qualified should promotional opportunities become available. Susan aspires to one day be the chief of police
for Bellview.
113. Susan has completed the basic requirement to become an officer in her municipality. As she begins working within
the department, she will learn the informal rule of the department from the other seasoned officers. This process is known
as:
a. subculture.
b. socialization.
c. working personality.
d. process.
e. cohesiveness.
114. As Susan is paired with a training officer, the training officer will help define the “cop’s world” to her by telling her
what beliefs and symbols are a part of the department. This is known as:
a. subculture.
b. socialization.
c. working personality.
d. process.
e. moral guidance.
115. On Susan’s first day, her training officer explains to her that she will learn to develop responses to work situations
and environmental influences. This is known as:
a. subculture.
b. socialization.
c. working personality.
d. process.
e. values.
Chief James Monroe is reviewing the recently approved city council budget, which may require a reduction in staff. He is
in the process of determining, what, if any other measures can be taken to reduce fiscal spending. The department serves
an upper-middle-class community, which typically is not favorable towards a lack of resources.
116. Chief Monroe has decided to reorganize the department into areas, which will operate more efficiently. This is
known as:
a. police policy.
b. chain of command.
c. special units.
d. bureaucracy.
e. contract restructuring.
117. Chief Monroe has also determined that he will reorganize the number and amount of supervisors, which will impact
the:
a. police policy.
b. chain of command.
c. special units.
d. bureaucracy.
e. policy.
118. Chief Monroe is responsible for a division of labor, a chain of command, and rules to guide activities of his staff,
which are the hallmarks of running a:
a. police policy.
b. chain of command.
c. special unit.
d. bureaucracy.
e. police patrol.
119. Chief Monroe’s budget cuts will force the department to determine which function they will supply to the
community. The community most often supports the crime fighter function, which means the department will focus on
the:
a. law enforcement function.
b. service function.
c. fiscal function.
d. operations function.
e. community service function.
The George County Subdivison has decided to form a neighborhood watch program to combat recent criminal activity.
Luke Smith has been chosen as the chairperson for this organization. Mr. Smith felt it would be proactive to invite
representatives from the local police department for their input so they can fight this problem together.
120. At the meeting, Mr. Smith and law enforcement agree to increase bike and foot patrol to make their presence known.
This would be an example of:
a. community policing.
b. watchman policing.
c. order maintenance policing.
d. functional policing.
e. service watch policing.
121. Law enforcement representatives informed Mr. Smith that they had recently received a grant from a governmental
agency to acquire additional community officers. The agency is known as:
a. Office of Governmental Grants for Police.
b. COPS.
c. Office of Community Outreach Services.
d. Office of Law Enforcement Advancement.
e. Office of Corrections.
122. It appears that the George County Subdivision Community would support this style of law enforcement:
a. watchman.
b. legalistic.
c. service.
d. specific.
d. all of the above.
A police volunteer working in a suburb of Detroit notices an uptick in anti-American graffiti in her neighborhood. She
reports her observations to her contact in the local police department. An officer is dispatched to the area and confirms
the volunteers observations and validates the rise of sentiment during his meetings with community members. A report is
filed and sent up through channels and the FBI is informed. The FBI investigates, gathering enough evidence to bring
terrorism charges against a group plotting to attack.
123. The alleged planning of an attack by this fictional group and the reaction of law enforcement was an example of:
a. community policing.
b. the professional model of policing.
c. the service function of policing.
d. intelligence-led policing.
e. the crime control model of policing.
124. The description of the activities that led to the FBI‘s involvement shows the efficient operation of:
a. the homeland security model of policing.
b. community leaders.
c. a bureaucracy.
d. the legalistic style of policing.
e. problem-oriented policing.
125. In the scenario, the ____ interfaced with a federal agency.
a. FBI
b. local police department
c. volunteer
d. community members
e. local police officer
Essay
126. What political values and social conditions are currently shaping American policing? Discuss how the current
president as well as public opinion come together to affect police behavior.
127. Which of the styles of policing described by James Q. Wilson do you think is most likely to help reduce crime?
Provide some examples of how this style would reach this goal.
128. There is significant evidence that minority citizens in the United States have less faith in the police than Caucasian
citizens do. Why do you think this difference exists? Use information provided in the chapter to justify your position.
129. What basic functions do police perform for American society? How do these functions, and their relative frequency
and importance, differ from the public’s perceptions of the priorities and responsibilities of police?
130. Why do law enforcement agencies utilize the military model and exercise a chain of command? How does it protect
the agency and the legal system?
131. Why are there so few female officers in most police departments? What can be done to increase the numbers of
female officers?
132. How does isolation help to define the police officer’s working personality?
133. Explain the concept of community policing. What are the advantages to community policing? What are the
disadvantages?
134. List and describe the duties of the FBI. What roles does the agency undertake? What are the qualifications to become
employed by the FBI?
135. Who were the Progressives and what changes in policing did they urge?
136. What is intelligence-led policing and why did it come about?
