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1. According to the text, citizens are most concerned about the high rate of
probationers’____________________.
a.
prior crimes
b.
recidivism
c.
drug use
d.
apathy
2. Wide public support for “just desert” sentencing caused interest in community sanctions geared toward:
a.
the seriousness of the crime.
b.
repeat offenders.
c.
violent offenders.
d.
sex offenders.
3. Intermediate sanctions are beneficial in that they:
a.
are a cost-saving alternative.
b.
serve the needs of certain offenders.
c.
help reduce prison overcrowding.
d.
all of these.
4. The lowest end of the continuum of intermediate sanctions is:
a.
probation.
b.
house arrest.
c.
the day reporting center.
d.
fines.
5. Which of the following is the most intrusive sanction according to the continuum of intermediate sanctions?
a.
house arrest
b.
restitution
c.
drug courts
d.
boot camps
6. How much money is collected each year in the United States from fines paid by criminal offenders?
a.
more than $1 million
b.
more than $10 million
c.
more than $100 million
d.
more than $1 billion
7. Fines are more frequently used in cases involving:
a.
misdemeanors and lesser offenses.
b.
lower-level felonies such as grand theft or automobile theft.
c.
drug offenses.
d.
violent offenses.
8. One problem with fines is the:
a.
difficulty in collecting.
b.
record-keeping in collections.
c.
ease with which offenders can pay.
d.
extremely small amount of fine.
9. The sanction requiring a portion of the defendant’s income to be paid is the:
a.
budget fine.
b.
monthly fine.
c.
day fine.
d.
annual fine.
10. The RICO Act initiated the use of __________ as a sanction.
a.
deportation
b.
forfeiture
c.
community service
d.
reintegrative shaming
11. Civil forfeitures are:
a.
mala in se.
b.
modus operandi.
c.
habeas corpus.
d.
in rem.
12. Civil forfeiture is an act solely against:
a.
the property used illegally.
b.
the offender.
c.
anyone living on the property.
d.
back taxes owed on the property.
13. Criminal forfeiture can occur only after:
a.
taxes are paid.
b.
an arrest is made.
c.
charges are filed.
d.
conviction.
14. Since 2001, criminal forfeiture has been used to:
a.
increase government budgets.
b.
discourage drug traffickers.
c.
disrupt terrorist activity.
d.
all of these choices.
15. When the offender most often pays into a victims’ fund for damages caused by the crime, it is known as:
a.
day fines.
b.
restitution.
c.
retribution.
d.
reintegration.
16. Restitution allows:
a.
offenders to avoid prison.
b.
victims to regain property and income.
c.
the community to benefit without paying for incarceration.
d.
all of these choices.
17. A court order requiring an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or a
government agency is a:
a.
community service order.
b.
standard probation requirement.
c.
volunteer assignment.
d.
work release order.
18. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of house arrest?
a.
It can range from evening curfew to detention during all nonworking hours.
b.
It can last from several days to several years.
c.
All offenders on house arrest are being monitored electronically.
d.
There are more than 10,000 people on house arrest nationwide.
19. The Bureau of Prisons uses the house arrest sanction for inmates:
a.
before confinement.
b.
before release.
c.
who exhibit good behavior.
d.
who request conjugal privileges.
20. Home confinement:
a.
can lower recidivism rates.
b.
can be cost effective.
c.
is labor intensive for officers.
d.
all of these choices.
21. To ensure that an offender is complying with his or her home confinement orders, many jurisdictions use:
a.
neighborhood watch programs.
b.
cell phones.
c.
electronic monitoring.
d.
Internet.
22. EM (electronic monitoring) signals are transmitted via:
a.
active and passive phone line systems.
b.
law enforcement dispatch services.
c.
television networks.
d.
two-way radios.
23. Electronic monitoring includes:
a.
programmed contact services.
b.
GPS (global positioning system).
c.
field monitoring devices.
d.
all of these choices.
24. There is ongoing judicial interaction with each participant in:
a.
traffic courts.
b.
drug courts.
c.
civil courts.
d.
divorce courts.
25. Where was the first drug court implemented?
a.
Miami, Florida
b.
New York, New York
c.
Huntington, West Virginia
d.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
26. Who is eligible for drug court?
a.
offenders charged with drug trafficking
b.
offenders charged with drug manufacturing
c.
nonviolent offenders with substance abuse problems
d.
violent offenders with substance abuse problems
27. A somewhat intensive form of short-term community supervision that also requires attendance is the:
a.
day reporting center.
b.
counseling services center.
c.
employment services center.
d.
health services center.
28. Which statement indicates the relationship between day reporting centers and recidivism?
a.
There is little evidence to support the idea that day reporting centers contribute to lower rates of
recidivism.
b.
Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs at the day reporting centers,
recidivism rates decline drastically.
c.
Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs at the day reporting centers,
recidivism rates decline slightly.
d.
Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs that the day reporting centers,
recidivism rates increase slightly.
29. Which of the following acts was important for the continuation of drug courts through federal funding under the
Clinton Administration?
a.
the 1994 Crime Act
b.
the Federal Lautenberg Act
c.
the Violence Against Women Act of 1994
d.
1996 Homestead Drug Act
30. Short-term incarceration followed by a period of probation is called:
a.
intensive probation.
b.
new penology.
c.
split sentencing.
d.
new wave probation.
31. Prerelease centers for inmates and intermediate sanctions for probationers are called ______________and include
probation centers, restitution centers, county work- release centers, and therapeutic communities.
a.
halfway houses
b.
release homes
c.
day centers
d.
report centers
32. One of the most controversial intermediate sanctions for teens, as well as adults, is:
a.
the halfway house.
b.
boot camp.
c.
house arrest.
d.
community service.
33. When boot camps are used in adult corrections, they are usually used for:
a.
first-time offenders in their late teens or early twenties.
b.
first-time offenders who have a drug problem.
c.
habitual offenders who have a violent criminal history.
d.
habitual offenders who have a drug problem.
34. Which of the following statements about boot camps is most accurate?
a.
Boot camp programs are on the decline.
b.
Boot camp programs are on the rise.
c.
Research on recidivism rates associated with boot camps is promising.
d.
Nineteen states have instituted new hybrid drug court/boot camp programs for first-time young drug offenders.
35. In states that currently use shock probation, the average prison/jail is usually how long?
a.
1 week but no longer than 3 weeks
b.
1 weekend a month for the first year
c.
more than 30 days but no more than 60 days
d.
6 months but no more than 1 year
36. Involving the offender, victim, and victimized communities in levying justice is known as:
a.
rehabilitative justice.
b.
reintegrative justice.
c.
restorative justice.
d.
unbiased justice.
37. How many restorative justice centers are operating throughout North America and Europe?
a.
more than 100
b.
more than 1,000
c.
more than 5,000
d.
more than 10,000
38. Historically, _____________ have their roots in U.S. native and Canadian aboriginal cultures.
a.
sentencing circles
b.
shaming centers
c.
mediation programs
d.
drug courts
39. The future of intermediate sanctions rests on:
a.
certainty and celerity.
b.
proportionality.
c.
progressiveness.
d.
all of the above.
Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen
property. He and three of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of
dollars’ worth of property from their victims’ homes. All of Thomas’s acquaintances were juveniles and
thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning
the stolen items in a local pawn shop.
40. This is Thomas’s first arrest and conviction. The judge is concerned with placing Thomas in a dangerous
prison with older, more experienced offenders. The prosecutor argues that too many people are placed on
routine probation. What is the possible solution to this debate?
a.
aggravated sanctions
b.
intermediate sanctions
c.
just sanctions
d.
strategic sanctions
41. Who will ultimately be responsible for selecting from a range of sentencing options, choosing the
punishment that best fits the circumstances of the crime and the offender?
a.
defense attorney
b.
judge
c.
probation officer
d.
victim
42. During the sentencing phase of Thomas’s trial, the victims say in open court that they do not want to see a
young man sent to prison for many years. They would like to see him placed on probation but also compensate
them for their losses, which they believe will teach Thomas some financial responsibility. What are the victims
asking for?
a.
fines
b.
community service
c.
retribution
d.
restitution
43. Thomas’s parents also attend the sentencing hearing, and they request that Thomas be required to volunteer
in the community to help clean up the city parks. This type of sanction would be considered:
a.
fines.
b.
community service.
c.
retribution.
d.
restitution.
44. The judge makes the decision to sentence Thomas to remain confined to his residence for 6 months. He is
allowed to leave his home to go to work. He must be home between the hours of 6 pm and 7 am. What is the
name of this sentence?
a.
boot camp
b.
financial restitution
c.
house arrest
d.
drug court
Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the
effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of
sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county.
Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in
the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county.
45. Officer Moll reports that for the nonviolent offenders, his office utilizes random phone calls generated by
computers where the offenders must respond within 30 seconds. This way the officer can verify that their
probationer is home. What type of electronic monitoring is this?
a.
active phone line systems
b.
passive phone line systems
c.
remote location monitoring
d.
global positioning systems
46. Judge Ortiz thinks that the random phone call to the offender where the offender must respond is not
effective in that many offenders can find ways around this. He feels it is more effective to monitor offenders
through a microprocessor and an ankle transmitter device. With this, the offender must remain in within 100
feet of the portable receiver. The transmitter will then make continuous calls to a reporting station that updates
the offender’s location. What is this type of electronic monitoring?
a.
active phone line systems
b.
passive phone line systems
c.
remote location monitoring
d.
global positioning systems
47. Judge Ellis is convinced that offenders who have a drug addiction need more services provided. He explains
the various sanctions and services utilized at his drug court. Which of the following are likely to be a part of
Judge Ellis’s drug court?
a. mandatory periodic testing for the use of controlled substances
b. substance abuse treatment
c. aftercare services such as relapse prevention
d. all of these
48. Which type of offender is most likely accepted into Judge Ellis’s drug court program?
a. drug dealers
b. drug manufacturers
c. nonviolent offenders who have substance abuse problems
d. violent offenders who have substance abuse problems
49. Judge Ortiz discusses the boot camp program with Captain Smith. Judge Ortiz expressed that he is opposed
to boot camps because the recidivism studies reveal similar rates for boot camp graduates and those offenders
who spend time in prison. What is another criticism of boot camp programs?
a. The boot camp experience is dehumanizing.
b. There is meaningless physical labor.
c. Insistence on unquestioning obedience to authority does not foster prosocial behavior.
d. All of these
