CHAPTER 4: Motivating People
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. One myth about motivation is that motivated workers ____.
a.
have higher salaries
c.
are more productive
b.
are more competent
d.
have more responsibilities
2. ____ needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are composed of two different sets of needs: the need for a
positive self-image or self-respect and the need for recognition and respect from others.
a.
Esteem
c.
Belongingness
b.
Insecurity
d.
Introspective
3. ____ represents the desire to control one’s environment.
a.
Autonomy
c.
Interdependence
b.
Power
d.
Alignment
4. The need for ____ reflects an individual’s desire to associate with others in friendly circumstances.
a.
affiliation
c.
achievement
b.
community
d.
fulfillment
5. ____ can be useful in collecting information about beliefs and attitudes as long as they are anonymous
and there is assurance the results will be acted on.
a.
Interviews
c.
Public forums
b.
Employee surveys
d.
Suggestion boxes
6. The four central components of expectancy theory are ____.
a.
job outcomes, victories, implementation and expectancy
b.
job outcomes, valences, instrumentality and expectancy
c.
job security, valences, implementation and eagerness
d.
job security, valences, instrumentality and expectancy
7. ____ is the most important defining characteristic of health care professionals.
a.
Autonomy
c.
Competence
b.
Determination
d.
Creativity
8. One of the best ways to motivate physicians include ____.
a.
distributing guidelines and protocols
c.
traditional medical education programs
b.
financial incentives
d.
reminders and feedback
9. The causes of motivational problems often fall into three categories: 1) inadequate definition of the
desired performance, 2) impediments to employee performance and 3) ____.
a.
too much autonomy
b.
inadequate performance-reward linkages
c.
internal review structures
d.
behavioral shortcomings
10. ____ involves “directed autonomy” whereby individuals or teams are given an overall direction yet
considerable leeway concerning how they go about following that direction.
a.
Allotment
c.
Enforcement
b.
Engagement
d.
Empowerment
COMPLETION
1. ____________________ is a state of feeling or thinking in which one is energized or aroused to
perform a task or engage in a particular behavior.
2. Managers need to periodically assess motivation and performance, taking into account occupational,
____________________, and personal factors of the employees.
3. The motivation process often begins with needs that reflect some ____________________ within the
individual.
4. ___________________ are physical or psychological deficiencies that make specific outcomes or
goals attractive.
5. Job continuity, a grievance system, and an adequate health insurance and retirement package satisfy
____________________ needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
6. ____________________ refers to an individual’s need to accomplish complex tasks, compete, and
resolve problems.
7. Adams proposed a theory of work motivation that assumes that individuals value and seek fairness, or
____________________, in their relationships with employers.
8. Locke and his colleagues define a(n) ____________________ as something that an individual is
consciously attempting to attain.
9. High levels of job dissatisfaction and voluntary turnover among ___________________ have become
a major and chronic problem that threatens quality of care in health care organizations across the U.S..
10. ____________________ links desired behaviors or outcomes to financial rewards or penalties.
MATCHING
Match each item with a statement below:
a.
job redesign
b.
hygiene factors
c.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
d.
motivators
e.
process models
f.
need-based theories
g.
two-factor theory
h.
equity perspective
i.
belongingness
j.
expectancy theory
1. Idea that satisfaction and motivation are achieved via recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and
advancement
2. Assumes that people make rational calculations about how to expend effort on work and they make
choices that will lead to desired rewards
3. Involves social processes, such as the need for love and affection and the need to be accepted by one’s
peers
4. Idea that people want to satisfy various needs that can be arranged in order of importance
5. Cause dissatisfaction and are related to the work environment
6. Includes achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and advancement
7. Have the view that the content of work is often not enough to motivate people; they need
reinforcement, expectations, fairness, and goals to be energized to perform their best
8. Assume that motivation comes from the desire to satisfy necessities
9. Idea that altering certain aspects of the job to satisfy employees’ psychological needs will motivate
them to exert more effort
10. Assumes that people compare themselves to others and such comparisons affect their motivation