61) Which of the following energy resources is renewable?
A) hydropower
B) coal
C) oil
D) uranium
E) plutonium
62) Called the most successful treaty in United Nations history, nearly 200 countries signed the
Montreal Protocol in 1987 and banned the use of substances that ________, thus avoiding an
environmental catastrophe.
A) polluted agricultural lands
B) destroyed atmospheric ozone
C) salinated fresh waters
D) killed pollinating species
E) created toxic gasses
63) This country is the largest consumer of energy.
A) Saudi Arabia
B) China
C) Russia
D) United States
64) Which of the following energy resources produces the fewest noxious chemicals when
burned?
A) natural gas
B) coal
C) heating oil
D) petroleum
65) Nuclear energy as a source of energy
A) is more common in the periphery than in the core.
B) was more popular in core countries in the 1950s than now.
C) produces no significant waste by-products.
D) was banned by the French government in the mid-1990s.
E) is a leading cause of air pollution.
66) Most of the population of sub-Saharan Africa relies on ________ as their main energy
source.
A) coal
B) hydropower
C) wood
D) dung
E) animals
67) Of the following, which is a positive aspect of hydropower?
A) increased acidity of dammed water from submerged trees
B) improved habitat for fish and wildlife
C) negligible contribution to atmospheric pollution
D) improved shorelines for wetland preservation and expansion
68) The problem of acidic air emissions and acid rain are worst in
A) Africa.
B) North America and Western Europe.
C) Asia.
D) Australia.
E) Antarctica.
69) The world’s worst cases of forest destruction are currently occurring in
A) the boreal forests of Siberia.
B) the temperate forests of western North America.
C) the rain forests in peripheral countries.
D) the desert forests of the Middle East.
70) Destruction of rain forests results in
A) disruption in the oxygen and carbon dioxide cycles of forests.
B) an increase in biological diversity.
C) stabilization of the global temperature.
D) increased agricultural production and less hunger.
E) both an increase in biological diversity and a stabilization of the global temperature.
71) The expansion of cropland
A) has led to an increase in grasslands.
B) has occurred simultaneously with a drop in overall global food production.
C) has increased significantly over the last few decades in peripheral countries.
D) has increased significantly over the last few decades in core countries.
72) The term “global change” refers to what type of problems?
A) environmental
B) political
C) economic
D) social
E) environmental, political, economic and social
73) Eurasia is a world leader in the production of
A) natural gas.
B) nuclear energy.
C) petroleum.
D) geothermal energy.
74) The main reason for the slowing of continental expansion in Europe in the 1300s was
A) prolonged and bloody warfare.
B) the bubonic plague.
C) the unwillingness to use paper money as a form of currency.
D) the opposition of the Church.
E) memories of bad experiences during the Crusades.
75) Of the following, which was domesticated in the Old World and introduced to the New
World?
A) corn
B) potatoes
C) tomatoes
D) wheat
76) Of the following European countries, which relies the most on hydropower as a percentage
of its energy needs?
A) Norway
B) Germany
C) Great Britain
D) Greece
E) Netherlands
77) The biodiversity of traditional vegetables (including carrots, asparagus, and tomatoes) that
had been disappearing over the 20th century is now being recovered and promoted by
A) bioprospectors.
B) biopirates.
C) seed savers.
D) ecotourists.
E) land grabbers.
78) Acid rain refers to
A) acid mist.
B) acid precipitation.
C) acid fog.
D) smog.
E) acid mist, acid precipitation, acid fog, and smog.
79) The greatest amounts of vegetable biodiversity loss in North America, and probably around
the world, occurred
A) due to the Columbian Exchange.
B) in the 19th century.
C) in the 20th century.
D) since the start of the 21st century.
80) The biggest losers from bioprospecting are
A) indigenous peoples in the periphery.
B) citizens of the core.
C) local food movements in the core.
D) corporations in the core and the periphery.
81) Virtual water refers to water
A) consumed in the production of other products, for example beef, cars or newspaper.
B) shipped around the world to arid areas.
C) mined from ground water aquifers that are no longer being recharged.
D) extracted from bio- and sewage waste.
82) The Kyoto Protocol marks the most prominent attempt of the global community to take
comprehensive action to
A) reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
B) eliminate trade in hazardous wastes.
C) reduce risks from nuclear energy.
D) save the world’s remaining rainforests.
83) Of the following G20 countries, the country least dependent on renewable energy is
A) the Unites States.
B) Spain.
C) Portugal.
D) Iceland.
E) New Zealand.
84) ________ believe that all of creation, human and non-human, is fundamentally related and
should be treated equally.
A) Biospherical egalitarians
B) Ecological imperialists
C) Ecotheologists
D) Emissions traders
85) China, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia are each buying and leasing
millions of hectares of land around the world
A) on which to grow food for their own populations.
B) to explore for minerals and energy resources.
C) as real estate investments for their surplus money.
D) to develop colonies for their expanding populations.
86) The adjective that currently signifies environmentally sustainable alternatives in activities
ranging from urban and real estate development to the production, distribution, consumption and
even marketing of commodities is
A) green.
B) blue.
C) red.
D) black.
E) white.
87) Activists in the environmental justice movement are most likely to be concerned about
A) a new hazardous waste dump on the poor side of town.
B) preservation of old growth forests in the Pacific Northwest.
C) protection of whales from commercial hunting vessels.
D) the effect of global climate change on core economies.
E) both a new hazardous waste dump on the poor side of town and the preservation of old growth
forests in the Pacific Northwest.
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88) Of the following, which is NOT a renewable source of energy?
A) wind
B) solar
C) geothermal
D) fracking
E) hydropower
89) By the time it was completed in 2006, about 1.3 million people were relocated to build and
fill the reservoir behind the world’s largest dam in
A) China on the Yangtze River.
B) Brazil on the Amazon River.
C) Russia on the Ob River.
D) India on the Brahmaputra River.
E) Canada on the Mackenzie River.
4.2 True or False
1) Most core environmentalists agree that environmental consciousness is a luxury more than a
necessity.
2) According to our text, to date, no accidents have been associated with nuclear energy
production in the world’s core.
3) Preservation, deep ecology, and ecofeminism are radical environmental perspectives found
only in the core.
4) Along with China, Russia and Saudi Arabia, the United States is among the world’s top five
energy producers.
5) Until the Columbian Exchange, humans did not noticeably alter the natural environment.
6) The United States does not allow foreign companies or countries to buy agricultural land.
7) The common factor among all ecofeminists is to replace male leaders with females in the
work place, at home and in the environmental movement.