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50. One of the trends during the 1980s was the increase in secure confinement of drug offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
51. Intermediate sanctions, if successfully completed, cost less than jails and prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
52. Intermediate sanctions fall along a continuum ranging from the least intrusive (fines and community service) to the
most intrusive (house arrest, electronic monitoring).
a.
True
b.
False
53. Intermediate sanctions are typically administered by jails.
a.
True
b.
False
54. Fines are more commonly used in Europe, where they are frequently the sole punishment, even in cases involving
chronic offenders who commit fairly serious offenses.
a.
True
b.
False
55. Prevailing evidence seems to support that judges use fines in a rational and reasonable way.
a.
True
b.
False
56. Some intermediate sanctions are used in conjunction with one another.
a.
True
b.
False
57. Fines are at one end of the continuum of intermediate sanctions.
a.
True
b.
False
58. Criminal forfeiture occurs after a suspect is arrested by police officers but before he or she is convicted in a
criminal court.
a.
True
b.
False
59. Law enforcement agencies can use forfeited assets to supplement their budgets.
a.
True
b.
False
60. In rem proceedings are used to return property illegally seized by the government.
a.
True
b.
False
61. An in rem proceeding is not an action against the property involved but against the violator involved.
a.
True
b.
False
62. Forfeiture involves the government seizing property that was derived from or used in criminal activity.
a.
True
b.
False
63. A community service order requires an offender to perform work hours at a nonprofit or government agency.
a.
True
b.
False
64. Financial restitution is payment of a sum of money by the offender to the court.
a.
True
b.
False
65. In the federal courts, the home confinement program is only used with pretrial defendants.
a.
True
b.
False
66. Drug courts are not as effective as prisons are for reducing the recidivism rates of offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
67. Split sentencing is a standard feature in many states with intensive supervision programs.
a.
True
b.
False
68. Boot camps began in adult corrections but are more recently used in juvenile corrections.
a.
True
b.
False
69. Restorative justice focuses on the welfare of the offender in the aftermath of the crime.
a.
True
b.
False
70. Restitution is the most popular model of restorative justice.
a.
True
b.
False
71. Participants in healing or sentencing circles typically speak out while passing around a “talking piece” (such as a
feather or stone).
a.
True
b.
False
72. Several definitions of restorative justice can be found, but at the heart of most of these definitions is the conviction
that those most directly involved in a crime (individual victims, offenders, families of victims and offenders, and
victimized communities) are those who should be central in responding to the harm caused by crime.
a.
True
b.
False
73. One reason for the emergence of ________________________in the 1980s was the belief that prisons were
being overused for offenders who really did not need secure confinement.
74. Intermediate sanctions are said to allow _______________ to match the severity of punishment with the
severity of the crime.
75. ____________________________ occurs when the government seizes property that was derived from or
used in criminal action.
76. A(An) ____________________ proceeding is not an action against a violator but against the property
involved.
77. In an example of ____________________, clients report to a central location every day, where they file daily
schedules with their supervising officer showing how each hour will be spent.
78. A(An) _________________ is a sanction that requires convicted offenders to pay a specified sum of money.
79. The purposes of ______________________________ are to compensate victims for their losses and to teach
the offenders financial responsibility.
80. ______________________ is a court-imposed sentence ordering that an offender remain confined to his or
her own residence for a specified amount of time.
81. ______________________ is the type of electronic monitoring where an offender is monitored periodically
or continuously throughout the day and night by means of a pager number that only the probation officer
knows.
82. ____________________have receivers that are used not only in vehicles but also to track an offender.
83. _____________________ is(are) designed for nonviolent offenders with a substance abuse problem who
requires integrated sanctions and services.
84. A ___________________ can vary from probation centers, restitution centers, county work-release centers,
to therapeutic communities.
85. _______________ is(are) designed to give offenders a sense of responsibility and accomplishments while
improving self-discipline.
86. The focus of ____________________ is to bring together criminal, victim, and the victimized community.
87. ______________________ is actually the most popular model of restorative justice.
88. A benefit of graduated sanctions is _______________ because the response to violations is swift.
89. Benefits of graduated sanctions include certainty, celerity, proportionality, and ____________________.
90. Intermediate sanctions emerged in the 1980s as a result of three trends. Identify and explain these.
91. Identify the sanctions included in the continuum or ladder of intermediate sanctions.
92. Discuss forfeiture as defined by the RICO Act and the CCE Act.
93. Discuss the concept, advantages, and disadvantages of house arrest.
94. Discuss the four basic types of systems that are used to electronically monitor offenders.
95. Identify the elements of drug courts and their effectiveness.
96. What are the characteristics of day reporting centers?
97. Provide a critique of boot camps as an alternative sanction.
98. Discuss the two most popular restorative justice strategies.
99. Discuss the benefits that have been attributed to graduated sanctions.
